Micro RNA profiles in colostrum exosomes obtained from primiparous or multiparous dairy cows.

Colostrum is rich in membranous vesicles of endocytic origin named exosomes, with proteins, lipids, RNA, and/or DNA cargos which can play different roles in physiological processes. Like other colostrum bioactive compounds, exosomes could be also influenced by individual characteristics. The objective of the study was to characterize miRNA cargo of colostrum exosomes from primiparous and multiparous cows in different farms.

Feeding colostrum and transition milk facilitates digestive tract functionality recovery from feed restriction and fasting of dairy calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive tract recovery and metabolism of feeding either bovine colostrum (BC), transition milk (TM), or milk replacer (MR) after an episode of feed restriction and fasting (FRF) in dairy calves. Thirty-five Holstein male calves (22 ± 4.8 d old) were involved in a 50-d study.

Benefits of barley straw as a forage for dairy calves before and after weaning.

The aim of this study was to assess the potential consequences on calf intake, performance, behavior, ruminal microbiome, and ruminal epithelium development of combining the inclusion of chopped barley straw and alfalfa hay during the pre- and postweaning periods keeping concentrate to forage ratio constant among dietary treatments. Forty-five Holstein calves (44 ± 5.7 kg of body weight [BW] and 3 ± 1.

Pesticide dose based on canopy characteristics in apple trees: Reducing environmental risk by reducing the amount of pesticide while maintaining pest and disease control efficacy.

Although many different designed air-assisted sprayers can be used for pesticide application in apple orchards, the lack of adequate adjustments according to specific crop characteristics leads to application inefficiencies and failures. To evaluate the spray coverage and biological efficacy of different application techniques combined with an alternative dosage adjustment based on tree row volume (TRV), field tests with five different techniques were carried out at three crop stages on a commercial apple orchard. The results showed that conventional mist-blower with a high application volume (800 L ha) exhibited an excessive coverage with a high risk of contamination at the early crop stage (BBCH19), whereas other treatments using different application techniques, with a reduced volume rate and pesticide dose of 75%, were equivalent with good uniformity, revealing the great importance of suitable adjustment for the sprayers.

Short communication: Recombinant mammary serum amyloid A3 as a potential strategy for preventing intramammary infections in dairy cows at dryoff.

Mammary serum amyloid A3 (M-SAA3) has shown potential in stimulating innate immunity during intramammary infections, at calving and at dryoff. In this study, we produced recombinant caprine M-SAA3 to test its ability to reduce intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Escherichia coli, which are all common mastitis-producing pathogens. Recombinant production of M-SAA3 (followed by lipopolysaccharide removal to avoid lipopolysaccharide-nonspecific stimulation of the immune system) was successfully achieved.