The Perils of Molecular Interpretations from Vibrational Spectra of Complex Samples.

Vibrational spectroscopy is a widely used technique for chemical characterizations across various analytical sciences. Its applications are increasingly extending to the analysis of complex samples such as biofluids, providing high-throughput molecular profiling. While powerful, the technique suffers from an inherent limitation: The overlap of absorption information across different spectral domains hinders the capacity to identify individual molecular substances contributing to measured signals.

CODI: Enhancing machine learning-based molecular profiling through contextual out-of-distribution integration.

Molecular analytics increasingly utilize machine learning (ML) for predictive modeling based on data acquired through molecular profiling technologies. However, developing robust models that accurately capture physiological phenotypes is challenged by the dynamics inherent to biological systems, variability stemming from analytical procedures, and the resource-intensive nature of obtaining sufficiently representative datasets. Here, we propose and evaluate a new method: Contextual Out-of-Distribution Integration (CODI).

Plasma infrared fingerprinting with machine learning enables single-measurement multi-phenotype health screening.

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique for probing the molecular profiles of complex biofluids, offering a promising avenue for high-throughput in vitro diagnostics. While several studies showcased its potential in detecting health conditions, a large-scale analysis of a naturally heterogeneous potential patient population has not been attempted. Using a population-based cohort, here we analyze 5,184 blood plasma samples from 3,169 individuals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

National Identity Development Among Minority Youth: Longitudinal Relations with National Fit Perceptions and School Belonging.

Across Western Europe, immigrant-origin minority youth often struggle to belong socially and to develop national self-identification. Yet, almost no research to-date has asked how these youth perceive the cultural contents of the national identity in their residence country-or rather, to what extent they perceive youth like them to (mis)fit the national identity. The present study addressed this research gap by centering schools as developmental contexts of evolving belonging and national self-identification and newly inquiring into minority youth's perceptions of national (mis)fit as critical levers of their national identity development.

The Role of SES in Preadolescence: Understandings and Group Evaluations based on Income, Education, and Occupation.

Socioeconomic status (SES) predicts many facets of preadolescents' life opportunities, yet little is known about how children perceive SES and whether it plays a role in their group evaluations. This study examined preadolescents' socioeconomic understandings and biases (investigated presenting fictitious peers varying in SES), while separating the three SES-indicators income, education and occupation. Five classes (Grade 4-6) with 89 students (Mage = 10.