Bias Experiences and Burnout: A Multispecialty, Cross-Sectional Survey of Residents and Fellows at a Multisite US Academic Medical Center.

Objective: To explore associations of bias frequency, sources, and types with burnout in a large, multispecialty sample of residents and fellows and to determine whether and how odds of burnout change after adjustment for bias experiences in multiple demographic subgroups.

Methods: Trainees in graduate medical education programs at Mayo Clinic sites were surveyed between October 12, 2020, and November 22, 2020. Survey items measured personal experiences with bias (frequency, sources, types), burnout (2 Maslach Burnout Inventory items), and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender-queer-nonbinary-other identification, disability, socioeconomic background, year in school, specialty).

Academic Promotions in Medicine: Characterizing Differences in Curriculum Vitae Across Race and Sex.

Objective: Evaluate quantitative and qualitative differences by sex and race/ethnic identities in curriculum vitae (CV) of faculty candidates for promotion.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multisite, single-institution study of all candidates who applied to be considered for promotion to associate professor or professor from January 2015 to July 2019. Data on leadership positions, grants, and publications were abstracted from CV using a standardized procedure.

Race, ethnicity, and considerations for data collection and analysis in research studies.

Research studies involving human subjects require collection of and reporting on demographic data related to race and ethnicity. However, existing practices lack standardized guidelines, leading to misrepresentation and biased inferences and conclusions for underrepresented populations in research studies. For instance, sometimes there is a misconception that self-reported racial or ethnic identity may be treated as a biological variable with underlying genetic implications, overlooking its role as a social construct reflecting lived experiences of specific populations.

Health equity engineering: Optimizing hope for a new generation of healthcare.

Medical researchers are increasingly prioritizing the inclusion of underserved communities in clinical studies. However, mere inclusion is not enough. People from underserved communities frequently experience chronic stress that may lead to accelerated biological aging and early morbidity and mortality.