Comparison of Fentanyl plus different doses of dexamethasone with Fentanyl alone on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting after lower extremity orthopedic surgery.

Intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with opioids to provide perioperative analgesia is commonly used after orthopedic surgery, but have side-effects. Addition of adjutant drugs results in reducing the side-effects and the dosage of opioids. The aim of current study was to evaluation the analgesic efficacy of combination of fentanyl and dexamethasone (8 and 16 mg) in compared with fentanyl alone in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery of the lower extremity.

Diphtheria serology in adults in Central Java and East Java, Indonesia: the importance of continuous diphtheria vaccination.

Background: Vaccination increase immunity against diphtheria, yet will decrease by aging. Therefore, boosters are needed to be done regularly.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the immunity to diphtheria for the population of 16 years old and above.