Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the young children participation and environment measure for its use in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.

Background: Concepts such as participation and environment may differ across cultures. Consequently, cultural equivalence must be assured when using a measure like the Young Children Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) in other settings than the original English-speaking contexts. This study aimed to cross-culturally translate and adapt the YC-PEM into German as it is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 14. Distinguishing progression of glaucoma from visual field fluctuations.

Purpose: To determine the least worsening of a visual field (VF) and the least number of confirming tests needed to identify progression of glaucomatous VF defects.

Design: Cohort study of participants in a clinical trial.

Participants: Seven hundred fifty-two eyes of 565 patients with advanced glaucoma.

The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 13. Comparison of treatment outcomes within race: 10-year results.

Objective: To present for black and white patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma 10-year results of treatment with 1 of 2 randomly assigned surgical intervention sequences.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Participants: Three hundred thirty-two black patients (451 eyes) and 249 white patients (325 eyes).