Bovine besnoitiosis: Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of three different tests using a Bayesian latent class model approach and clinical characterization of the disease.

Bovine besnoitiosis, a disease caused by the tissue cyst-forming apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti, is re-emerging in Europe, leading to significant impairment of health and production, as well as economic losses. The early detection of the disease is of the utmost importance for the implementation of effective control measures, yet this is a challenge due to the lack of specific early clinical signs. The objectives of our study were 1) to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of three tests to detect B.

Echocardiography in the Assessment of Heart Failure Patients.

Doppler echocardiography is the corner-stone of non-invasive investigation of patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure. It provides an accurate and quantitative assessment of cardiac structure and function. Furthermore, spectral Doppler measurement is an invaluable technique for estimating intracardiac pressures with their crucial value in the optimum management of heart failure patients, irrespective of ejection fraction.

Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on renal function and outcome in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an Italian cohort study.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) is a cornerstone treatment for heart failure (HF). Beneficial effects on hospitalization rates, mortality, and left ventricular remodeling have been observed in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite the positive results, the influence of S/V on renal function during long-term follow-up has received little attention.

Stress Reduction in Alpaca () Mange Management.

Stress and dermatosis or itching are strictly related to mange caused by spp. and spp. mites, which are particularly stressful in alpacas.