Genetic architecture and genomic predictive ability of apple quantitative traits across environments.

Implementation of genomic tools is desirable to increase the efficiency of apple breeding. Recently, the multi-environment apple reference population (apple REFPOP) proved useful for rediscovering loci, estimating genomic predictive ability, and studying genotype by environment interactions (G × E). So far, only two phenological traits were investigated using the apple REFPOP, although the population may be valuable when dissecting genetic architecture and reporting predictive abilities for additional key traits in apple breeding.

Ten Years of VINQUEST: First Insight for Breeding New Apple Cultivars With Durable Apple Scab Resistance.

Apple scab, caused by , is a major fungal disease worldwide. Cultivation of scab-resistant cultivars would reduce the chemical footprint of apple production. However, new apple cultivars carrying durable resistances should be developed to prevent or at least slow the breakdown of resistance against races of .

Slow erosion of a quantitative apple resistance to Venturia inaequalis based on an isolate-specific Quantitative Trait Locus.

Quantitative plant resistance affects the aggressiveness of pathogens and is usually considered more durable than qualitative resistance. However, the efficiency of a quantitative resistance based on an isolate-specific Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) is expected to decrease over time due to the selection of isolates with a high level of aggressiveness on resistant plants. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed scab incidence over an eight-year period in an orchard planted with susceptible and quantitatively resistant apple genotypes.

[Risks acceptability related to obstetrical epidural analgesia].

Objectives: Evaluation of the acceptability of complications related to obstetrical epidural analgesia in two populations, parturients and anesthesiologists.

Study Design: Prospective, transversal, single center study.

Materials And Methods: Evaluation of the acceptability of complications associated with obstetric epidural analgesia performed using a questionnaire of six clinical scenarii in two populations: parturients cared at the University maternity of Nancy and anesthesiologists of Lorraine.

Erosion of quantitative host resistance in the apple×Venturia inaequalis pathosystem.

Theoretical approaches predict that host quantitative resistance selects for pathogens with a high level of pathogenicity, leading to erosion of the resistance. This process of erosion has, however, rarely been experimentally demonstrated. To investigate the erosion of apple quantitative resistance to scab disease, we surveyed scab incidence over time in a network of three orchards planted with susceptible and quantitatively resistant apple genotypes.