A review of hypersensitivity methods to detect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

The investigation of the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the goal of many researchers worldwide. The study of humoral immune responses and T cell production after infection requires the obtaining of individualized blood samples to test the presence of antibodies or activated T cells specific for the virus. T cell studies are especially troublesome due to the need for more specialized resources often outside the daily routine of clinical laboratories.

Biclonal gammopathies: Retrospective study of 47 patients.

Objectives: Biclonal gammopathies are characterized by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells or their B-lymphoid progenitors and are associated with the production of abnormal immunoglobulins (M proteins or paraproteins). There are no known studies that have analyzed this disease in Spain. We studied the underlying diseases, characteristics of paraproteins and the evolution of a series of patients with biclonal gammopathy.

Cryofibrinogenemia triggered by a monoclonal paraprotein successfully treated with cyclophosphamide.

Cryofibrinogenemia is a rare clinical finding with a yet unknown physiopathogenic mechanism. We describe the case of a woman with cold-induced extensive necrotic lesions that responded poorly to initial corticosteroid and anticoagulant therapies. Serum cryoglobulin determinations were persistently negative.

Anti-idiotypic Immunotherapy in follicular lymphoma patients: results of a long follow-up study.

A specific immune response against the individual idiotypic determinants of clonal immunoglobulins can be elicited in patients with B-cell malignancies. We analyze the clinical outcome and the presence of tumor cells in the blood of 8 patients with follicular lymphoma, vaccinated with autologous idiotype protein from their lymphoma cells. After a median follow-up of 90 months (range: 54 to 128), all patients, except 1, remain in complete clinical remission and 5 are in complete molecular remission.