Ti and its alloys as examples of cryogenic focused ion beam milling of environmentally-sensitive materials.

Hydrogen pick-up leading to hydride formation is often observed in commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) and Ti-based alloys prepared for microscopic observation by conventional methods, such as electro-polishing and room temperature focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Here, we demonstrate that cryogenic FIB milling can effectively prevent undesired hydrogen pick-up. Specimens of CP-Ti and a Ti dual-phase alloy (Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo, Ti6246, in wt.

A Magnesium Transport Protein Related to Mammalian SLC41 and Bacterial MgtE Contributes to Circadian Timekeeping in a Unicellular Green Alga.

Circadian clocks in eukaryotes involve both transcriptional-translational feedback loops, post-translational regulation, and metabolic, non-transcriptional oscillations. We recently identified the involvement of circadian oscillations in the intracellular concentrations of magnesium ions (Mg) that were conserved in three eukaryotic kingdoms. Mg in turn contributes to transcriptional clock properties of period and amplitude, and can function as a zeitgeber to define phase.

Mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement in steels: discussion.

This discussion session interrogated the current understanding of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms in steels.This article is part of the themed issue 'The challenges of hydrogen and metals'.

Political, economic and environmental concerns: discussion.

This session concerned the political, economic and environmental impact on the hydrogen economy due to hydrogen embrittlement.This article is part of the themed issue 'The challenges of hydrogen and metals'.

Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) (Psitaciformes: Psittacidae) parental nest visitation in Costa Rica: implications for research and conservation.

We studied temporal parental visitation of Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao) to six active nests in the Central Pacific Conservation Region of Costa Rica. Total parental time in the nest decreased significantly as the nestlings aged. Results provide guidelines to scientists for planning invasive activities to nestlings, such as placement of radio collars, or biological sample collection.