A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of antibiotic use on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have considerably improved patient outcomes in various cancer types, but their efficacy remains poorly predictable among patients. The intestinal microbiome, whose balance and composition can be significantly altered by antibiotic use, has recently emerged as a factor that may modulate ICI efficacy. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of antibiotics on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with ICIs.

An open randomized multicentre Phase 2 trial to assess the safety of DAV132 and its efficacy to protect gut microbiota diversity in hospitalized patients treated with fluoroquinolones.

Background: DAV132 (colon-targeted adsorbent) has prevented antibiotic-induced effects on microbiota in healthy volunteers.

Objectives: To assess DAV132 safety and biological efficacy in patients.

Patients And Methods: An open-label, randomized [stratification: fluoroquinolone (FQ) indication] multicentre trial comparing DAV132 (7.

Mechanisms modulating spinal excitability after nerve stimulation inducing extra torque.

The study included three experiments aiming to examine the mechanisms responsible for spinal excitability modulation, as assessed by the H-reflex, following stimulation trains delivered at two different frequencies (20 and 100 Hz) inducing extra torque (ET). A first experiment ( = 15) was conducted to evaluate changes in presynaptic inhibition acting on Ia afferents induced by these electrical stimulation trains, assessed by conditioning the soleus H-reflex (tibial nerve stimulation) with stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (D1 inhibition) and of the femoral nerve (heteronymous Ia facilitation, HF). A second experiment ( = 12) permitted to investigate homosynaptic postactivation depression (HPAD) changes after the stimulation trains.

Spare and repair the gut microbiota from antibiotic-induced dysbiosis: state-of-the-art.

Homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota is currently recognized as a major contributor to human health. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis is associated with a multitude of consequences, including intestinal colonization by antibiotic-resistant or pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridioides difficile, and reduced efficacy of promising anticancer immunotherapies. By far, the most immediate and drastic exposure leading to dysbiosis is antibiotic treatment.