Retrieval of conditioned immune response in male mice is mediated by an anterior-posterior insula circuit.

To protect the body from infections, the brain has evolved the ability to coordinate behavioral and immunological responses. The conditioned immune response (CIR) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning wherein a sensory (for example, taste) stimulus, when paired with an immunomodulatory agent, evokes aversive behavior and an anticipatory immune response after re-experiencing the taste. Although taste and its valence are represented in the anterior insular cortex and immune response in the posterior insula and although the insula is pivotal for CIRs, the precise circuitry underlying CIRs remains unknown.

Morphometric Similarity Patterning of Amyloid- and Tau Proteins Correlates with Transcriptomics in the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum.

Bridging the gap between cortical morphometric remodeling and gene expression can help to clarify the effects of the selective brain accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins occurring in the Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this aim, we derived morphometric similarity (MS) networks from 126 Aβ- and tau-positive (Aβ+/tau+) and 172 Aβ-/tau- subjects, and we investigated the association between group-wise regional MS differences and transcriptional correlates thanks to an imaging transcriptomics approach grounded in the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA). The expressed gene with the highest correlation with MS alterations was , a gene related to Aβ homeostasis.

The genomic portrait of the Picene culture provides new insights into the Italic Iron Age and the legacy of the Roman Empire in Central Italy.

Background: The Italic Iron Age is characterized by the presence of various ethnic groups partially examined from a genomic perspective. To explore the evolution of Iron Age Italic populations and the genetic impact of Romanization, we focus on the Picenes, one of the most fascinating pre-Roman civilizations, who flourished on the Middle Adriatic side of Central Italy between the 9 and the 3 century BCE, until the Roman colonization.

Results: More than 50 samples are reported, spanning more than 1000 years of history from the Iron Age to Late Antiquity.

Vision rehabilitation workforce in Italy: a country-level analysis.

Background: Research and monitoring of human resources available for vision rehabilitation services has been a neglected area of work in the past. This study aims to offer an overview of the vision rehabilitation workforce available in Italy, in order to profile the distribution and number of human resources for vision rehabilitation.

Methods: Data on the available vision rehabilitation professionals were collected from the yearly report on the state of implementation of policies relating to the prevention of blindness, education and vision rehabilitation, according to a law which was passed by the Italian Ministry of Health, Department of Health Prevention.

[Development of a recommendations document in an emergency context].

Italy is a destination country for a growing international migration, accounting for 8.4% of the total population. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the difficulties in accessing healthcare services among immigrants, and barriers due to linguistic and cultural differences had a significant impact during the pandemic.