Reductive opening of carbohydrate phenylsulfonylethylidene (PSE) acetals.

The phenylsulfonylethylidene (PSE) acetal is a relatively new protecting group in carbohydrate chemistry. However, carbohydrate-derived phenylsulfonylethylidene (PSE) acetals show a different behavior in reductive desulfonylation than simple symmetrical acetals. Here we have investigated various SET-type reaction conditions in order to open PSE acetals regioselectively and to produce chiral ω-hydroxyethenyl ethers.

Renal neuroendocrine tumours: a clinicopathological study.

Objectives: To report cases of primary neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the kidney, including carcinoid tumour, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell carcinoma (SCC), which show a wide range of NE differentiation and biological behaviour, and are exceedingly rare.

Patients And Methods: The clinicopathological features of all nine renal NETs diagnosed during a 7-year period were reviewed.

Results: Six carcinoids, two SCC and one LCNEC were identified from 2780 kidney tumours.

Synthesis of novel D-glucuronic acid fatty esters using Candida antarctica lipase in tert-butanol.

Glucuronic acid n-alkyl esters, a novel class of promising biosurfactants and their corresponding glucose esters with the same side-chain length, were synthesized by direct esterification in a non-aqueous phase (tert-butanol) using an immobilized lipase.

Congenital syphilis and fluorescent treponemal antibody test reactivity after the age of 1 year.

Background: Many believe that a persistently reactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) is manifested with congenital syphilis after the age of 1 year, that it is useful in the retrospective diagnosis of children with congenital syphilis, and that it can be used to confirm other treponemal tests.

Goal: To determine whether a reactive FTA-ABS after the age of 12 months is indicative of congenital syphilis.

Study Design: Prospective outpatient follow-up evaluation until at least the age of 12 months was conducted for 194 babies born to mothers with reactive syphilis serology at delivery, and for two additional children with congenital syphilis diagnosed when they were younger than 1 year (total, 196 children).