[Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in healthcare associated infections (H.A.Is): one threat above].

The use of antimicrobials has meant for humanity one of the biggest progresses in our recent History and has enhanced an improvement in living conditions (with different nuances depending on the levels of development). Handling of infectious diseases by curing the patient and limiting the transmissions source has been a very remarkable achievement from Public Health, since the second half of the 20th Century. The antibiotic resistance has been recognized with different levels of attention, but it has been acknowledged from the beginning of the Antibiotics era, with different levels of attention.

Increasing rates in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among hospitalised patients, Spain 1999-2007.

Limited information is available on the burden and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Spain. The present report communicates the secular trends in prevalence of CDI among hospitalised patients in Spain from 1999 through 2007. Data were obtained through the EPINE study (Estudio de prevalencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en los hospitales españoles), a point prevalence study series of nosocomial infections among patients admitted to hospital in Spain.

[Imported fever due to Chikungunya virus].

Introduction: Imported diseases pose a diagnostic challenge for the physician, epidemiologists, and the local health care authorities, implying a risk for the community in some cases.

Method: We report the case of a patient with Chikungunya virus infection in Spain and describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this condition.

Results: Diagnosis was confirmed by specific tests in paired samples.