Hemodialysis as a potential method for the decontamination of persons exposed to radiocesium.

Radiocesium may be deposited in the environment as a result of accidents in nuclear installations, for example, as in Chernobyl. Significant internal contamination with radiocesium poses a serious risk to human health, and, therefore, expedient removal is essential to reduce the radiation body burden. In vitro hemodialysis was tested as a potential method to remove radiocesium from a pasteurized plasma solution of bovine or human blood.

The influence of extracorporeal clearance techniques on elimination of radiocesium after internal contamination.

Radiocesium, an isotope released after nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl, causes damage to the health of humans after internal contamination. As a result of an internal deposit of radiocesium these persons are continuously irradiated and noxious effects may occur. Removal of this internal radiation source will reduce immediate (short-term) and future damage (long-term).

In vitro binding of radiocesium to Prussian Blue coated strips and Prussian Blue containing hemoperfusion columns as a potential tool for the treatment of persons internally contaminated with radiocesium.

Cellulose or nylon strips coated with three different Prussian Blue salts were prepared with cellulose nitrate as binding material. These strips were evaluated for their usefulness for the development of an extracorporal clearance device for radiocesium, a radionuclide often released after accidents in nuclear installations (for example in Chernobyl). Extracorporeal clearance can be used to enhance the elimination of radiocesium from internally contaminated persons.

In vitro cyanide release of four prussian blue salts used for the treatment of cesium contaminated persons.

Prussian blue salts are used in clinical practice as an antidote for the treatment of humans contaminated with radioactive cesium. A decomposition product of these Prussian blue salts may be the highly toxic cyanide. A method to simulate gastrointestinal cyanide-release was applied to four different Prussian blue salts: K3Fe[Fe(CN)6], Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, NH4Fe[Fe(CN)6] (pur.

Photoactivation of 2-nitrofluorene in vitro and in the rat in vivo. UVA-induced formation of reactive intermediates that bind covalently to RNA and protein.

2-Nitrofluorene (2-NF), an environmental pollutant, can be activated by UV light to reactive intermediates that bind covalently to RNA and protein in vitro: high levels of covalent binding were obtained. This covalent binding was not dependent on the presence of oxygen in the solution and could be decreased by glutathione. Hydrolysis of the in vitro modified RNA and subsequent analysis of the liberated bases by HPLC revealed that approximately 15% of the covalent binding of 2-NF to RNA could be attributed to the formation of a guanosine adduct of nitroreduced 2-NF, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene.