Population genetics of Howellia aquatilis (campanulaceae) in disjunct locations throughout the Pacific Northwest.

Howellia aquatilis A.Gray (water howellia) is a federally-listed threatened aquatic plant species with limited distribution in four states: California, Idaho, Montana, and Washington. Previous studies have shown a lack of genetic variation within the species; these studies, however, have excluded samples from one or more states.

Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC): exploring women's perceptions.

Aims And Objectives: This study was designed to complement local audit data by examining the lived experience of women who elected to attempt a vaginal birth following a previous caesarean delivery. The study sought to determine whether or not women were able to exercise informed choice and to explore how they made decisions about the method of delivery and how they interpreted their experiences following the birth.

Background: The rising operative birth rate in the UK concerns both obstetricians and midwives.