Optimized Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Membranes for In-House Produced Small-Sized Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Set-Up.

The ionic exchange membranes represent a core component of redox flow batteries. Their features strongly affect the performance, durability, cost, and efficiency of these energy systems. Herein, the operating conditions of a lab-scale single-cell vanadium flow battery (VRFB) were optimized in terms of membrane physicochemical features and electrolyte composition, as a way to translate such conditions into a large-scale five-cell VRFB stack system.

An analysis of the PM chemical composition and its spatial and seasonal variation in Piedmont (Italy) using Raman spectroscopy.

Particulate Matter (PM) dramatically affects the well-being of a growing global population, particularly in urban areas. While air quality control is an important and pressing issue, particulate matter analysis typically focuses on size distribution and concentration, offering limited insights into chemical composition and pollutant sources. This study analyzes PM samples collected from five air quality monitoring stations across the Piedmont region.

Effects of the Chemical Treatment on the Physical-Chemical and Electrochemical Properties of the Commercial Nafion™ NR212 Membrane.

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) are one of the most promising power generation systems. The main component of a PEFC is the proton exchange membrane (PEM), object of intense research to improve the efficiency of the cell. The most commonly and commercially successful used PEMs are Nafion™ perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes, taken as a reference for the development of innovative and alternative membranes.

Evaluating the statistical methodology of randomized trials on dentin hypersensitivity management.

The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and quality of statistical methodology used in clinical studies on dentin hypersensitivity management. An electronic search was performed for data published from 2009 to 2014 by using PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary search terms were used in combination.

Polarization scattering by intra-channel collisions.

We show that polarization modulated and polarization multiplexed transmission may be significantly impaired by the polarization scattering induced by intra-channel cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing. In polarization multiplexed transmission, channel interleaving may be used to mitigate the effect when two-pulse collisions are dominant.