Defining hypercalciuria in nephrolithiasis.

The classic definition of hypercalciuria, an upper normal limit of 200  mg/day, is based on a constant diet restricted in calcium, sodium, and animal protein; however, random diet data challenge this. Here our retrospective study determined the validity of the classic definition of hypercalciuria by comparing data from 39 publications analyzing urinary calcium excretion on a constant restricted diet and testing whether hypercalciuria could be defined when extraneous dietary influences were controlled. These papers encompassed 300 non-stone-forming patients, 208 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria type I (presumed due to high intestinal calcium absorption), and 234 stone formers without absorptive hypercalciuria; all evaluated on a constant restricted diet.

Hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular complex with hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemic alkalosis. A new syndrome. 1962.

A new syndrome, characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys, aldosteronism resulting from adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and persistently normal blood pressure is described in two patients. Overproduction of aldosterone could not be prevented by sodium loading or by administration of albumin intravenously; it was associated with hypokalemic alkalosis and Pitressin-resistant impairment of urinary concentrating ability. In both subjects, increased amounts of circulating angiotensin were demonstrated; infusion of angiotensin II produced rises of blood pressure in both subjects considerably less than the rises induced by comparable doses in normal subjects.

Salt sensitivity in essential hypertension as determined by the cosinor method.

A method of data reduction for the statistical examination of mean arterial pressure in essential hypertensive subjects to determine salt sensitivity was examined. A computerized method was used to estimate the best-fitting cosine curve for data collected every 30 minutes for 24 hours. The effect of sodium loading on the cosinor parameters (mesor, amplitude, and acrophase) in 45 subjects with essential hypertension and five normotensive control subjects was assessed.

The effects of oral furosemide on the response of urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and phosphate to parathyroid extract in normal subjects.

We studied the effects of oral furosemide, 80 mg/day for 7 days, on the response of urinary excretion of phosphate and cyclic AMP to exogenous parathyroid extract (PTE) in 6 normal subjects. All 6 subjects had marked increases in urinary calcium and a significant increase in urinary cyclic AMP from the control to the furosemide periods: this suggests that furosemide-induced hypercalciuria produced elevated parathyroid activity. After treatment with furosemide, the response of urinary cyclic AMP and phosphate to PTE was blunted.