Effect of autoimmune comorbidities on multiple sclerosis course: An observational multicenter study.

Background: The study aims to examine the age and disability levels at diagnosis in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), with and without autoimmune comorbidities (AC), and the effect of AC on NEDA-3 status and to characterize AC associated with MS, comparing also therapeutic approaches between MS patients with and without other AC.

Methods: This population-based, multicentric study enrolled patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) with AC (AC group) or without AC (reference group) from 14 MS centers. Demographical, clinical features, treatment information, MRI activity, EDSS, and no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) status were assessed at T36 (enrollment time) and T0 (36 months prior).

An IL-5 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Influences Neuroinflammation and Prospective Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.

(1) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is identified by a complex interaction between central inflammation and neurodegeneration. Genetic individual variability could play a significative role in clinical presentation. The interleukin-5 (IL-5) rs2069812 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) seems to define the clinical course of Th2 autoimmune diseases, while its role in MS has never been investigated.

Inflammatory signature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis predicting disease progression.

Experimental studies identified a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the role of inflammatory molecules as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with ALS is unclear. In this cross-sectional study, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of a set of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in 56 newly diagnosed ALS patients and in 47 age- and sex-matched control patients without inflammatory or degenerative neurological disorders.

Cortical plasticity in AQP4-positive NMOSD: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

Aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by suboptimal recovery from attacks and long-term disability. Experimental data suggest that AQP4 antibodies can disrupt neuroplasticity, a fundamental driver of brain recovery. A well-established method to assess brain LTP is through intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS).

Interleukin-10 contrasts inflammatory synaptopathy and central neurodegenerative damage in multiple sclerosis.

Proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in promoting neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) by affecting excitatory and inhibitory transmission at central synapses. Conversely, the synaptic effects of anti-inflammatory molecules remain underexplored, despite their potential neuroprotective properties and their presence in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. In a study involving 184 newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS patients, we investigated whether CSF levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 were linked to disease severity and neurodegeneration measures.