Reconciling pesticide reduction with economic and environmental sustainability in arable farming.

Reducing pesticide use is one of the high-priority targets in the quest for a sustainable agriculture. Until now, most studies dealing with pesticide use reduction have compared a limited number of experimental prototypes. Here we assessed the sustainability of 48 arable cropping systems from two major agricultural regions of France, including conventional, integrated and organic systems, with a wide range of pesticide use intensities and management (crop rotation, soil tillage, cultivars, fertilization, etc.

[Primary ulcero-necrotizing enterocolitis of the newborn. Advancements in management. Improvement in prognosis].

We report our experience acquired over the last seven years with the management of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. This condition occurs mainly in small-for-dates, premature, critically ill infants. Diagnosis rests on the combination of clinical evidence of intestinal obstruction with non-specific signs of a decline in general health and suggestive roentgenographic findings.

[Primary volvulus of the small intestine without malrotation. Apropos of 7 cases].

We report seven cases of complete volvulus of the small bowel without malrotation seen from 1973 through 1986. The clinical setting is always the same in this condition: the infant exhibits no clinical anomalies during the symptom-free interval between birth and the volvulus (4 h to 35 d, m = 7 d in our series). Onset is extremely sudden, with a complete, proximal obstruction, early and abundant passage of blood per rectum, and above all a severe shock that fails to respond to resuscitation.

[Antenatal diagnosis of lung malformations. Apropos of 9 case reports].

The authors report 9 cases of prenatal diagnosis of lung malformations. The diagnoses was performed between 17 to 33 weeks amenorrhea (mean = 25.5 weeks).

[The association of a dysplastic kidney with a single vaginal ectopic ureter and a homolateral genital abnormality in a girl. Comments based on 3 case reports].

We recently treated one female infant and two young girls with coincidence of three anomalies: --hypoplastic ectopic kidney; --single vaginal ectopic ureter; --ipsilateral genital abnormality. Clinical presentation was lifelong wetting, "multicystic" kidney, urinary tract infection, or abdominal pain. The diagnostic studies include ultrasonography, excretory urography, cystography and vaginoscopic examination with retrograde catheterization, rarely radionuclide scanning.