Dynamic interplay of immune response, metabolome, and microbiota in cows during high-grain feeding: insights from multi-omics analysis.

This study explores the dynamics of immune gene expression, ruminal metabolome, and gut microbiota in cows due to the duration of high-grain feeding, shedding light on host response and microbial dynamics in parallel. Cows consumed forage for a week, then gradually transitioned to a high-grain diet, which they consumed for 4 weeks. Immune response was evaluated in ruminal papillae by expression of genes related to the nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkB) pathway and correlated with the microbiota.

Mechanism of Fumonisin Self-Resistance: Contains Four Fumonisin B-Insensitive-Ceramide Synthases.

produces fumonisins, which are mycotoxins inhibiting sphingolipid biosynthesis in humans, animals, and other eukaryotes. Fumonisins are presumed virulence factors of plant pathogens, but may also play a role in interactions between competing fungi. We observed higher resistance to added fumonisin B (FB) in fumonisin-producing than in nonproducing , and likewise between isolates of and differing in production of sphinganine-analog toxins.

Variations in colostrum metabolite profiles in association with sow parity.

Information about the full spectrum of metabolites present in porcine colostrum and factors that influence metabolite abundances is still incomplete. Parity number appears to modulate the concentration of single metabolites in colostrum. This study aimed to 1) characterize the metabolome composition and 2) assess the effect of parity on metabolite profiles in porcine colostrum.

Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Concentrations of Trichothecenes, Their Glucosides, and Emerging Toxins in Naturally Contaminated, Irradiated, and Inoculated Oats.

Trichothecenes produced by species are commonly detected in oats. However, the ratios of the concentrations of free trichothecenes and their conjugates and how they are impacted by different interacting environmental conditions are not well documented. This study aims to examine the effect of water activity (0.

Produces Two HT-2-α-Glucosides on Rice.

is a genus that mostly consists of plant pathogenic fungi which are able to produce a broad range of toxic secondary metabolites. In this study, we focus on a type A trichothecene-producing isolate (15-39) of from Lower Austria. We assessed the secondary metabolite profile and optimized the toxin production conditions on autoclaved rice and found that in addition to large amounts of T-2 and HT-2 toxins, this strain was able to produce HT-2-glucoside.