Differential stress responsiveness determines intraspecies virulence heterogeneity and host adaptation in Listeria monocytogenes.

Microbial pathogenesis is mediated by the expression of virulence genes. However, as microbes with identical virulence gene content can differ in their pathogenic potential, other virulence determinants must be involved. Here, by combining comparative genomics and transcriptomics of a large collection of isolates of the model pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, time-lapse microscopy, in vitro evolution and in vivo experiments, we show that the individual stress responsiveness of L.

Features of the Physical and Social Neighborhood Environment and Neighborhood-Level Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in South Carolina.

Background: Studies are increasingly examining the relationship between the neighborhood environment and cognitive decline; yet, few have investigated associations between multiple neighborhood features and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Objective: We investigated the relationship between neighborhood features and ADRD cumulative incidence from 2010 to 2014 in the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry (SCADR).

Methods: Diagnosed ADRD cases of age were ascertained from the SCADR by ZIP code and census tract.

Deltamethrin and transfluthrin select for distinct transcriptomic responses in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

Background: The widespread use of pyrethroid insecticides in Africa has led to the development of strong resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes. Introducing new active ingredients can contribute to overcome this phenomenon and ensure the effectiveness of vector control strategies. Transfluthrin is a polyfluorinated pyrethroid whose structural conformation was thought to prevent its metabolism by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in malaria vectors, thus representing a potential alternative for managing P450-mediated resistance occurring in the field.

There is an urgent need to adopt a pull-flow logic for the supply of RBCs to meet patients' needs: A single center study.

Background: Despite major demographic changes, several decisions and initiatives, among which Patient Blood Management, have led to a significant reduction in the transfusion of packed red blood cells (RBCs) in Belgium, as it has been observed in many countries. Unfortunately, not all blood groups were proportionately impacted and shortage in O D-negative RBCs is regularly or chronically observed. The goal of this study was to examine how to optimize the use and the supply of O D-negative blood in our academic hospital.