Fast and easy bioassay for the necrotizing fungus Botrytis cinerea on poplar leaves.

Background: Necrotizing pathogens pose an immense economic and ecological threat to trees and forests, but the molecular analysis of these pathogens is still in its infancy because of lacking model systems. To close this gap, we developed a reliable bioassay for the widespread necrotic pathogen Botrytis cinerea on poplars (Populus sp.), which are established model organisms to study tree molecular biology.

[Guidelines on the urological management of the adult patient with spinal dysraphism (spina bifida)].

Introduction: Improved life expectancy and prenatal screening have changed the demographics of spina bifida (spinal dysraphism) which has presently become a disease of adulthood. Urinary disorders affect almost all patients with spinal dysraphism and are still the leading cause of mortality in these patients. The aim of this work was to establish recommendations for urological management that take into account the specificities of the spina bifida population.

In situ follow-up of hybrid alginate-silicate microbeads formation by linear rheology.

Hybrid alginate-silicate microbeads of about 10-20 μm were synthesized by combining alginate crosslinking, silica condensation in a one pot approach using a food grade emulsion as template. A fine tuning of the formulation composition (alginate, silica and calcium sources) is necessary in order to obtain core-shell microbeads instead of unshaped and irregular fragments or even perforated spherical beads. Importantly, in situ linear rheology provides insights into the reaction mechanism as a result of the rheological fingerprint profile obtained during beads formation.

Original behavior of L. rhamnosus GG encapsulated in freeze-dried alginate-silica microparticles revealed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.

The probiotic bacteria L. rhamnosus GG (LGG) were encapsulated into core-shell alginate-silica microbeads of about 500 μm through a double step synthesis involving micro-ionogel formation by electrospraying and silica coating by the sol-gel process. Formulating microparticles with sucrose as a cryoprotectant allowed maintaining bacterial viability and cultivability upon freeze-drying for weeks, as determined by plate counting.