Messaging preferences for the role of pharmacists in pharmacy education recruitment material.

Introduction: Applications to pharmacy programs are declining worldwide. Previous research suggests that positioning of recruitment material according to prospective students' preferences may increase interest in the profession and entry-to-practice programs. The aim of this study was to determine messaging preferences for the role of the pharmacist.

Biomass activated carbon derived from pine sawdust with steam bursting pretreatment; perfluorooctanoic acid and methylene blue adsorption.

Using waste biomass to prepare various products by environmentally benign processes is a good way to practice green and sustainable development. In this paper, high porosity and surface area biomass activated carbon was obtained by pyrolysis of pine sawdust without using any chemicals after steam bursting pretreatment. Under hydrothermal conditions at 160 ℃, the differences of steam bursting at 300, 500, or 700 psi pressures on the structure and surface chemical groups of the final activated carbons product were compared.

Adsorption mechanisms of PFOA onto activated carbon anchored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide-forming compounds: A combination of experiment and model studies.

When wood-based activated carbon was tailored with quaternary ammonium/epoxide (QAE) forming compounds (QAE-AC), this tailoring dramatically improved the carbon's effectiveness for removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from groundwater. With favorable tailoring, QAE-AC removed PFOA from groundwater for 118,000 bed volumes before half-breakthrough in rapid small scale column tests, while the influent PFOA concentration was 200 ng/L. The tailoring involved pre-dosing QAE at an array of proportions onto this carbon, and then monitoring bed life for PFOA removal.

A rapid method to determine Ra concentrations in Marcellus Shale produced waters using liquid scintillation counting.

Concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in Marcellus Shale produced water presents a challenge for effective management and treatment, because of the vast fluid volumes generated. With an increased emphasis on beneficial reuse and resource recovery from the produced waters, a rapid, yet reliable, method for quantifying radium in these produced waters is needed. The high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration introduces difficulties when measuring Ra by recommended EPA methods that were specifically developed several decades ago for drinking water.

Removing PFOA and nitrate by quaternary ammonium compounds modified carbon and its mechanisms analysis: Effect of base, acid or oxidant pretreatment.

Acid/base/oxidant pretreatment influenced subsequent quaternary ammonium epoxide compounds modified carbon (QAE-AC) and hence PFOA and nitrate removal. This work discerned that the most favorable QAE-AC protocol for PFOA removal was achieved when the wood carbon pretreated with HNO3 to adjust the carbon's slurry pH to 4.77, and tailored with the QUAB188.