How to develop causal directed acyclic graphs for observational health research: a scoping review.

Causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) serve as intuitive tools to visually represent causal relationships between variables. While they find widespread use in guiding study design, data collection and statistical analysis, their adoption remains relatively rare in the domain of psychology. In this paper we describe the relevance of DAGs for health psychology, review guidelines for developing causal DAGs, and offer recommendations for their development.

Estimating Muscle Fiber-Type Composition in Elite Athletes: A Survey on Current Practices and Perceived Merit.

Purpose: To gather information on practices and perceptions of high-performance experts regarding their athletes' muscle fiber-type composition (MFTC) and its estimation.

Methods: A questionnaire on the noninvasive versus invasive estimation of MFTC was completed by 446 experts including coaches and sport-science/sports-medicine staff. Moreover, the perceived importance of MFTC for training and performance optimization was assessed.

A Two-Phased Pilot Study Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of the Cognitively Enriched Walking Program "Take a Walk with Your Brain" for Older Adults.

Given the aging population, finding solutions to retain optimal cognitive capacity is a research priority. The potential of physical activity to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and to enhance cognitive functioning is established. Combining physical with cognitive activity has been put forward as a potentially even more effective way to promote healthy cognitive aging.

New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs.

We report on the direct search for cosmic relic neutrinos using data acquired during the first two science campaigns of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the end point at 18.57 keV.

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Versus Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis A Case Report].

Clinically differentiating between autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders can often pose a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis of rapidly progressing neurological and cognitive symptoms includes central nervous system tumours, cerebral vasculitis, and inflammatory, autoimmune, or paraneoplastic encephalopathies. Rarer neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease should also be considered.