Estrogen and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.

Background: The preponderance of observational studies describe an association between the use of estrogen alone and a lower incidence of colorectal cancer. In contrast, no difference in the incidence of colorectal cancer was seen in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, placebo-controlled trial with estrogen alone after a mean intervention of 7.1 years and cumulative follow-up of 13.

Hormone Use, Reproductive History, and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Studies.

Introduction: Results from the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials demonstrated no increase in the risk of lung cancer in postmenopausal women treated with hormone therapy (HT). We conducted a joint analysis of the Women's Health Initiative observational study data and clinical trials data to further explore the association between estrogen and estrogen-related reproductive factors and lung cancer risk.

Methods: Reproductive history, oral contraceptive use, and postmenopausal HT were evaluated in 160,855 women with known HT exposures.

Mammography interval and breast cancer mortality in women over the age of 75.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between mammography interval and breast cancer mortality among older women with breast cancer. The study population included 1,914 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at age 75 or later during their participation in the Women's health initiative, with an average follow-up of 4.4 years (3.

Racial/ethnic differences in use and duration of adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer in the women's health initiative.

Background: Five-year breast cancer survival rates are lower among Hispanic and African-American women than among Non-Hispanic White women. Differences in breast cancer treatment likely play a role. Adjuvant hormonal therapies increase overall survival among women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.