The effect of cleaning and repainting on the ship drag penalty.

Although the hull of a recently dry-docked large ship is expected to be relatively smooth, surface scanning and experimentation reveal that it can exhibit an "orange-peel" roughness pattern with an equivalent sand-grain roughness height = 0. 101mm. Using the known value and integral boundary layer evolution, a recently cleaned and coated full-scale ship was predicted to experience a significant increase in the average coefficient of friction and total hydrodynamic resistance during operation.

Cloning, transformation and expression of cell cycle-associated protein kinase in indica rice ().

The development process of seed in plants is a cycle of cells which occur gradually and regularly. One of the genes involved in controling this stage is the gene. encode protein kinase which plays an important role in phosphorylation, inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-cyclin (CYC) and inhibiting cell division at mitotic phase.