Urethral duplication with five openings in anal canal: A novel case report.

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by more than one urethral channel, with varied course, location of the external opening, and presentation. Presentations can be varied, depending upon individual anatomical dispensation but mostly present as obstruction, recurrent urinary infection, or double urinary stream. Treatment depends on the type of duplication and associated anomalies.

Clinicoradiological parameters predicting operative difficulty in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors.

Introduction: The number of renal tumors amenable to laparoscopic surgery is rising, both, due early detection by improved imaging techniques and due to progressive improvements in minimal access surgery. Conversion to open surgery, which is a significant event, can be minimized by proper case selection. We assessed the pre-operative factors that can predict the operative difficulty and can help in case selection, thus avoiding complications and reducing the chances of conversion to open.

Association of Hemodialysis Inadequacy and Duration with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder in hemodialysis (HD) patients. It is associated with poor sleep and decreased quality of life. The precipitants for the disorder are still poorly understood.