Prolactin protects hippocampal neurons against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing BAX and NOX4 via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiological byproducts of neuronal metabolism. However, an imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant capacity, often driven by dysregulated pro-oxidant enzymes like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX), can result in deleterious oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Phytotoxic Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones-Enriched Fractions from L. Leaves on Pre-Emergent and Post-Emergent Weed Species and Putative Mode of Action.

Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are compounds that are highly produced in leaves, known for their phytotoxic activity. This study aims to assess SL-enriched fractions' (cynaropicrin, aguerin B, and grosheimin) phytotoxic potentials and putative modes of action, compared to an initial extract, using two approaches: first, against a panel of nine weed species in pre-emergence, and then on L.'s post-emergency stage.

Dereplication of New Saponins from .

The genus comprises over 400 species that are known for their diverse applications, which include being sources of fiber, food, and beverages. There has recently been increased interest in exploring the metabolic content of this genus, and in this respect, saponins are the main compounds of interest. Saponins for have not been described to date, and the current work addresses the dereplication of a saponin-rich fraction to identify the structures of six compounds.

Dereplication of Bioactive Saponin Fractions: The Hidden Saponins.

The good phytotoxicity and selectivity against weeds versus tomato or cress make saponin-rich fractions from , , , and attractive candidates as bioherbicides. The saponin contents have only previously been reported for , and as a consequence, simultaneous dereplication has been performed on saponin-rich fractions from the other plants by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This strategy enables the identification of a total of 26 saponins, 14 of which have been described previously and 12 of which are proposed as new saponins.