Single cell approaches define neural stem cell niches and identify microglial ligands that can enhance precursor-mediated oligodendrogenesis.

Here, we used single cell RNA sequencing and single cell spatial transcriptomics to characterize the forebrain neural stem cell (NSC) niche under homeostatic and injury conditions. We defined the dorsal and lateral ventricular-subventricular zones (V-SVZs) as two distinct neighborhoods and showed that, after white matter injury, NSCs are activated to make oligodendrocytes dorsally for remyelination. This activation is coincident with an increase in transcriptionally distinct microglia in the dorsal V-SVZ niche.

Advances for Managing Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Integrating Imaging and AI Innovations.

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) represent a spectrum of non-neoplasms and neoplasms with varying malignant potential, posing significant challenges in diagnosis and management. While some PCLs are precursors to pancreatic cancer, others remain benign, necessitating accurate differentiation for optimal patient care. Conventional approaches to PCL management rely heavily on radiographic imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), coupled with clinical and biochemical data.

Tenecteplase: biochemical and clot lysis activity comparisons.

Introduction: In the last decades, the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase has been the standard fibrinolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and acute ischemic stroke. An optimized version of alteplase, tenecteplase, has been developed by exchanging six amino acids to increase half-life, achieve higher fibrin selectivity and increase resistance to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Meanwhile, several products containing tenecteplase exist.

A worthwhile wager: the ethics of open-label placebo treatment in clinical practice.

There is increasing evidence for the use of open-label placebo (OLP) as an effective and safe treatment for a range of chronic conditions. OLP is generally conceived as an ethical alternative to classic placebo treatment because patients know that they are taking a placebo and are hence not deceived. However, despite its potential benefits and lack of side effects, the paradoxical nature of OLP may make it difficult to propose as a treatment option in clinical practice.

Beyond cholangiocarcinoma: imaging features of mimicking pathologies in the biliary tract.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary malignancy of the hepatobiliary system and presents as a heterogeneous disease with three distinct morphological subtypes: mass-forming, periductal-infiltrating, and intraductal-growing, each characterized by distinguishing imaging features. Accurate diagnosis of CCA is challenging due to the overlap of imaging findings with a broad range of benign and malignant conditions. Therefore, it is essential for radiologists to recognize these mimickers and offer a reasonable differential diagnosis, as this has a significant impact on patient management.