Testing AI on language comprehension tasks reveals insensitivity to underlying meaning.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are recruited in applications that span from clinical assistance and legal support to question answering and education. Their success in specialized tasks has led to the claim that they possess human-like linguistic capabilities related to compositional understanding and reasoning. Yet, reverse-engineering is bound by Moravec's Paradox, according to which easy skills are hard.

Direct visualization of the charge transfer state dynamics in dilute-donor organic photovoltaic blends.

The interconversion dynamics between charge transfer state charges (CTCs) and separated charges (SCs) is still an unresolved issue in the field of organic photovoltaics. Here, a transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) study of a thermally evaporated small-molecule:fullerene system (α6T:C) in different morphologies (dilute intermixed and phase separated) is presented. Spectral decomposition reveals two charge species with distinct absorption characteristics and different dynamics.

Perceptions of roles of community healthcare workers in early childhood in Limpopo, South Africa.

Background:  As part of the Reengineering Primary Health Care initiative, the South African National Department of Health (NDoH) has committed to expanding access to home-based care provided by community health workers. The NDOH also prioritised Community Health Workers (CHWs) in their agenda to improve child development outcomes in South Africa. However, there is limited research on CHWs' experiences and knowledge of early childhood development.

On the mechanism for work function change of gold electrodes by ultrathin polyethyleneimine (PEI) films: Effect of molecular order.

Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a widely used cationic polyelectrolyte. In organic electronics, it is a universal surface modifier for shifting the electrode work function (Φ) and improving charge injection into electronic devices. This effect may depend on the conformation and dipolar order of the PEI ultrathin film, but their detailed experimental evaluation has not yet been reported.

Visual search and real-image similarity: An empirical assessment through the lens of deep learning.

The ability to predict how efficiently a person finds an object in the environment is a crucial goal of attention research. Central to this issue are the similarity principles initially proposed by Duncan and Humphreys, which outline how the similarity between target and distractor objects (TD) and between distractor objects themselves (DD) affect search efficiency. However, the search principles lack direct quantitative support from an ecological perspective, being a summary approximation of a wide range of lab-based results poorly generalisable to real-world scenarios.