Methodology for Online Reliability Studies: A Primer for Orthopedic Surgeons.

In orthopedic surgery, there is an increasing number of papers about online studies on the reliability of classification systems. Useful classification systems need to be reliable and valid. Measurement of validity can be variable and is prone to observer bias.

Estimation of Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis Using Machine Learning.

Aim: The objective of this research was to perform a pilot study to develop an automatic analysis of periapical radiographs from patients with and without periodontitis for the percentage alveolar bone loss (ABL) on the approximal surfaces of teeth using a supervised machine learning model, that is, convolutional neural networks (CNN).

Material And Methods: A total of 1546 approximal sites from 54 participants on mandibular periapical radiographs were manually annotated (MA) for a training set (n = 1308 sites), a validation set (n = 98 sites), and a test set (n = 140 sites). The training and validation sets were used for the development of a CNN algorithm.

Post-traumatic disturbance of the epiphysis of the humeral trochlea: a spectrum of pathology.

Background: Hegemann disease and fishtail deformity are classified as growth disturbances in the physeal plate of the humeral trochlea. It is questionable if these 2 diseases should be considered as 2 distinct conditions. The aims of this study are to (1) point out similarities between both conditions, (2) discuss etiology, and (3) provide diagnostic tools.

Early repolarisation among athletes.

Objectives: Traditionally, early repolarisation (ER) is considered a benign ECG variant, predominantly found in youths and athletes. However, a limited number of studies have reported an association between ER and the incidental occurrence of ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death. Yet definite, direct comparisons of the incidence of ER in unselected, contemporary populations in athletes as compared with non-athletes and across different sports are lacking.