Impact of backpack load during walking: an EMG and biomechanical analysis.

This study aims to understand the impact of backpack carriage, a regular activity for many, on back muscles and joint mobility during walking so that clinicians can develop strategies or products to ensure individuals' safety and well-being. Surface electromyography (EMG) and XSENS Awinda motion capture systems were used to analyze the effects of carrying a backpack (12% of body weight) on erector spinae and multifidus muscles, as well as spinal, hip, knee, and ankle joints. Subjects walked at 4 km/h on flat and inclined surfaces.

The complex impedance phase angle of dominant arm: a useful parameter in bone mineral density (BMD) assessment of group 1 post-menopausal women.

For widespread osteoporosis (OP) screening, portable and cost-effective screening devices are needed. With 45 menopaused women, when body mass index was below 30 kg.m, the phase angle (PhA) of complex bioimpedance at 5 kHz, measured from the dominant arm, was correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured central bone mineral densities (BMD), for total hip r = 0.

2D-ROC: a receiver operating surface and its illustrative application in clinical diagnostics.

Objective: When there are multiple tests, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis does not answer the question of how the individual tests can be combined in medicine.

Approach: In this study, 2D-ROC analysis is considered to calculate the correct classification rate (CCR) by using two independent test results. To obtain the best combination of paired tests, results were combined as 'BOTH', 'ANY' or 'AVERAGE' for the final 2D-ROC decision.