Effect of BMI and symptoms at celiac disease diagnosis on serology normalization after 2 years of a gluten-free diet in children.

Objectives: To determine if after 2 years of consuming a gluten-free diet post celiac disease diagnosis, pediatric patients who were overweight or obese at diagnosis are less likely to normalize celiac disease serologies as compared with those who were normal weight or underweight at diagnosis. Secondary aims include characterizing how initial symptoms at presentation predict body mass index (BMI) change and serology improvement over the first 2 years of being on a gluten-free diet following diagnosis of celiac disease.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed that included all biopsy-proven celiac disease patients followed at Stony Brook Children's Hospital's Celiac Disease Center diagnosed between the years 2007-2022.

Analgesic use in ED patients with long-bone fractures: A national assessment of racial and ethnic disparities.

Background: It is vital to ensure equitable care is given to all patients and to eliminate any disparities in administration of analgesics and opioids in emergency department (ED) patients with long-bone fractures. Our objective was to determine whether sex, ethnic, or racial disparities still exist in administration and prescription of analgesics and opioids in ED patients with long-bone fractures using a current nationally representative database.

Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of ED patients ages 15-55 years with long-bone fractures included in the National Hospital and Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) database from 2016 to 2019.

Synthesis of -linked α-Gal and α-GalNAc-1'-hydroxyalkanes by way of C2 functionality transfer.

Inspired by reports of water sculpted Tn antigen (α-GalNAc--Ser/Thr) epitopes and our interest in producing metabolically more stable -linked analogs of Tn, we explored the utility of C2 functionality on α-Gal--alkenes to deliver hydroxyl to the pendant alkenyl chain. Toward this end, a cyclic carbonate approach gave rise to a single -linked α-Gal-1'(S)-hydroxyethane in 3 steps, and use of a 2-(hydroxyimino)galactoside cyclization transferred an oxygen to a pendant -substituted -linked alkene affording the -configuration at the newly formed stereocenter (7:1 dr). Reduction and acetylation of the resultant isoxazoline demonstrated this approach as a viable route to -linked α-GalNAc-1'-hydroxyalkanes.

Acute effects of the food preservative propionic acid on glucose metabolism in humans.

Introduction: Propionic acid (PA) is a common food preservative generally recognized as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration; however, exogenous PA has effects on glucose metabolism that are not fully understood. Our preclinical studies demonstrated exogenous PA increases glucagon, norepinephrine, and endogenous glucose production (EGP).

Research Design And Methods: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 28 healthy men and women to determine the effect of PA (1500 mg calcium propionate) on these factors.

Striatin genotype-based, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist-driven clinical trial: study rationale and design.

Objectives: In human studies and genetically altered mouse studies, variants in the striatin gene (STRN) are associated with increased blood pressure (BP) and aldosterone on a liberal salt diet. This clinical trial is based on the presumed mechanism for striatin-associated HTN - increased aldosterone. It is designed to determine if participants with the STRN risk alleles will have a greater BP reduction on a liberal salt diet with a specific, mechanism-based therapy - a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, eplerenone - as compared with a nonspecific anti-hypertensive therapy - amlodipine.

A clinical trial to evaluate the effect of statin use on lowering aldosterone levels.

Background: Statins are the first-line pharmaceutical agent in the management of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular (CV) risk reduction, and the most commonly prescribed class of drugs worldwide. Studies describing CV risk reduction independent of LDL-cholesterol lowering have evoked an interest in the pleiotropic mechanisms of statins' benefits. We recently demonstrated that administration of statins in animal models lowers aldosterone levels and observed an association between statin use and reduced aldosterone levels in two human cohorts, with lipophilic statins displaying a greater effect than hydrophilic statins.