Editing microbes to mitigate enteric methane emissions in livestock.

Livestock production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions particularly methane (CH) emissions thereby influencing climate change. To address this issue further, it is crucial to establish strategies that simultaneously increase ruminant productivity while minimizing GHG emissions, particularly from cattle, sheep, and goats. Recent advancements have revealed the potential for modulating the rumen microbial ecosystem through genetic selection to reduce methane (CH) production, and by microbial genome editing including CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases), ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases), RNA interference (RNAi), Pime editing, Base editing and double-stranded break-free (DSB-free).

Effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation profiles and protozoan population .

Background And Aim: In the livestock sector, particularly ruminants, an approach to minimize methane emissions can be carried out through a feeding strategy involving herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can reduce protozoa and decrease methane gas emissions. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation, total gas, and methane production, dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and protozoa populations within the rumen.

Materials And Methods: Two experiments were conducted in this study.

Identification of phytase producing bacteria from acidifying : Potential for ruminant feed development.

Phytate content in feed ingredients can negatively impact digestibility and palatability. To address this issue, it is necessary to study microbes capable of breaking down phytate content. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phytase-producing bacteria from decaying materials rich in phytic acid.

Nutrient digestibility, characteristics of rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis from Pesisir cattle diet containing non-fiber carbohydrate to rumen degradable protein ratio and sulfur supplement.

Background And Aim: To achieve optimal feed efficiency in ruminants, especially Pesisir cattle, it is necessary to maintain a harmonious equilibrium between energy and protein levels within the rumen. Sulfur supplementation can potentially escalate the energy-protein balance in the rumen. The aim of this study was to explore the formulation of ruminant diets by synchronizing rumen degradable protein (RDP) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) while adding sulfur minerals at different levels.

Unlocking gut microbiota potential of dairy cows in varied environmental conditions using shotgun metagenomic approach.

Food security and environmental pollution are major concerns for the expanding world population, where farm animals are the largest source of dietary proteins and are responsible for producing anthropogenic gases, including methane, especially by cows. We sampled the fecal microbiomes of cows from varying environmental regions of Pakistan to determine the better-performing microbiomes for higher yields and lower methane emissions by applying the shotgun metagenomic approach. We selected managed dairy farms in the Chakwal, Salt Range, and Patoki regions of Pakistan, and also incorporated animals from local farmers.

Recent advances in chromosome capture techniques unraveling 3D genome architecture in germ cells, health, and disease.

In eukaryotes, the genome does not emerge in a specific shape but rather as a hierarchial bundle within the nucleus. This multifaceted genome organization consists of multiresolution cellular structures, such as chromosome territories, compartments, and topologically associating domains, which are frequently defined by architecture, design proteins including CTCF and cohesin, and chromatin loops. This review briefly discusses the advances in understanding the basic rules of control, chromatin folding, and functional areas in early embryogenesis.

Effects of rumen-degradable-to-undegradable protein ratio in ruminant diet on digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis.

Background And Aim: Feeding ruminants must notice the degradability of feed, especially protein. Microbial rumen requires ammonia from rumen degradable protein (RDP) beside that ruminant require bypass protein or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and microbial crude protein. The aim of the study was to discover the best RDP:RUP ratio in beef cattle diets commonly used by Indonesian farmers using an methodology.

evaluation of ruminant feed from West Sumatera based on chemical composition and content of rumen degradable and rumen undegradable proteins.

Aim: This research aimed to discover the chemical composition, as well as the content of the degradable and undegradable protein of the ruminant feed commonly used as cattle feed by Indonesian farmers.

Materials And Methods: In this study, , , , , cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, and rice bran were used as feed. Chemical composition was determined by proximate and Van Soest analyses performed in triplicate.

rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an rumen system.

Materials And Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass () and four species of tree legumes (, , , and ). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% + 50% (LL I); 50% + 50% (GS I); 50% + 50% (CC I); 50% + 50% (IZ I); 75% + 25% (LL II); 75% + 25% (GS II); 75% + 25% (CC II); and 75% + 25% (IZ II).