Validation of the D: A: D Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Score Model Among People Living With HIV in the Asia-Pacific.

Background: We validated the Data collection on Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) full-risk and short-risk score models for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Asian HIV cohorts.

Settings: A validation study among people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged ≥18 years among the cohorts in the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods: PLHIV with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.

Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale in Southern India.

We used data from 660 people living with HIV in southern India to evaluate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of 2 factors: a 2-item factor related to disclosure concerns and a 4-item factor related to self-hatred. The self-hatred factor demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach α = .

Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Generic Dolutegravir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens Among South Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients.

In this first study of generic dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens in a low-resource setting, we assessed safety, tolerability, and efficacy within a prospective cohort of 564 patients with at least 6 months of clinical follow-up. We provide support for a large-scale transition to DTG as part of first-line regimens.

Prevalence and factors associated with renal dysfunction in patients on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral regimens for HIV infection in Southern India.

Objectives: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of HIV infection. This retrospective study aims to establish the prevalence of abnormal renal function among patients with HIV receiving TDF, and to investigate the risks for TDF-related renal dysfunction in this population.

Methods: Patients at the YRGCARE Medical Centre, Voluntary Health Services, receiving TDF-containing antiretroviral (ART) regimens between January 2002 and March 2017, were assessed for renal dysfunction using creatinine level and eGFR (DAIDS/NIH) during continuum of care.

Prevalence and correlates of psychosocial conditions among people living with HIV in southern India.

Psychosocial conditions such as depression, intimate partner violence (IPV), and history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have been associated with poor HIV-related outcomes. In India, which has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, little is understood about the impact of psychosocial conditions on people living with HIV (PLHIV). We aimed to understand the prevalence and correlates of psychosocial conditions among PLHIV entering into HIV care at the Y.

The occurrence of Simpson's paradox if site-level effect was ignored in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database.

Objectives: In multisite human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) observational cohorts, clustering of observations often occurs within sites. Ignoring clustering may lead to "Simpson's paradox" (SP) where the trend observed in the aggregated data is reversed when the groups are separated. This study aimed to investigate the SP in an Asian HIV cohort and the effects of site-level adjustment through various Cox regression models.

Prevalence and concordance of human papillomavirus infection at multiple anatomic sites among HIV-infected women from Chennai, India.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection at the cervix, anus and oropharynx has been rarely concurrently estimated among HIV-infected women. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing, we prospectively evaluated HPV genotype distribution across three anatomic sites among 50 eligible HIV-infected women from Chennai, India, who provided biological specimens and answered a sexual behaviour questionnaire. We also assessed clinical and behavioural factors related to HPV prevalence.

TB-IRIS after initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with expansion of preexistent Th1 responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens.

Background: The role of T-cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is unclear.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45 HIV patients with treated TB, of whom 12 developed TB-IRIS, were collected at weeks 0, 2, and 6 of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 by T cells after stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD) or early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and T-cell expressions of CCR5 and CXCR3 were assessed by flow cytometry.

Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses in a Subset of HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Chennai, India.

Identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) generated during the course of HIV-1 infection is essential for effective HIV-1 vaccine design. The magnitude and breadth of neutralizing activity in the sera from 46 antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-1 clade C-infected individuals was measured in a single round infection assay using TZM-bl cells and multisubtype panel of env-pseudotyped viruses. Higher levels of NAb response (NAb titer 500 to >40 000) were measured in these patients against tier 1 and tier 2 viruses.