Tumor mutational burden as a marker for radiologic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of tumor mutational burden (TMB) as a marker for radiologic response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy at a single tertiary cancer center.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, out of 1044 patients treated with ICIs between January 2010 and November 2018, 75 patients (38 males and 37 females) with a mean age of 62 (range 22-87) years, who had information about TMB and adequate imaging, were included. Imaging response was determined according to iRECIST criteria.

Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A Rare Tumor Arising from Ubiquitous Anatomical Locations.

Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFTs) are uncommon mesenchymal tumors of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic origin that stem from various anatomical sites. Most SFTs are asymptomatic and noticed incidentally by various imaging modalities. Although SFTs were initially identified in the pleura and erroneously considered to originate solely from serosal layers, extrapleural SFTs have been reported more commonly than their pleural counterparts.

Evaluating Microsoft Bing with ChatGPT-4 for the assessment of abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of Microsoft Bing with ChatGPT-4 technology in analyzing abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI).

Methods: A comparative and descriptive analysis was conducted using the institutional picture archiving and communication systems. A total of 80 abdominal images (44 CT, 36 MRI) that showed various entities affecting the abdominal structures were included.

Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on circulating respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.

Background: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) applied to limit the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic also affect the circulation and seasonal characteristics of other respiratory viruses.

Objectives: Assess the impact of NPIs on the spread and seasonal characteristics of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and examine viral respiratory co-infections.

Design: Retrospective cohort SETTING: Single center in Turkey.

Past, Present, and Future of Serum Tumor Markers in Management of Ovarian Cancer: A Guide for the Radiologist.

The ability to accurately detect early ovarian cancer and subsequently monitor treatment response is essential to improving survival for patients with ovarian malignancies. Several serum tumor markers (STMs)-including cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-have been used as a noninvasive method of identifying ovarian cancer in conjunction with imaging. Although current guidelines do not recommend use of STMs as screening tools for ovarian cancer, these markers have clinical utility in both diagnosis and surveillance for women with ovarian cancer.

High-dose interleukin-2 therapy related adverse events and implications on imaging.

High-dose interleukin-2 (HDIL-2) therapy was initially approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and metastatic melanoma.

Patient-centered oncosurgical planning with cancer models in subspecialty education.

Background: A fundamental aspect of oncosurgical planning in organ resections is the identification of feeder vessel details to preserve healthy organ tissue while fully resecting the tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) cancer case models of computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees in making appropriate operative plans for organ resection surgery.

Methods: This study was based on the perception of surgery residents who were presented with 5 different oncosurgical scenarios.

Perceptions of porta-celiac vascular models for hepatic surgery and their use in residency training.

Background: Primary aspect of hepatic navigation surgery is the identification of source vascular details to preserve healthy liver which has a vascular anatomy quite challenging for the young surgeons. The purpose was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) vascular pattern models of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees for hepatic surgery.

Methods: This study was based on the perception of residents who were presented with 5 different hepatic source vascular patterns and required to compare their perception level of CT, and 1:1 models in terms of importance of variability, differential of patterns and preoperative planning.

Infections developing in patients undergoing liver transplantation: Recipients of living donors may be more prone to bacterial/fungal infections.

Background/aims: Despite surgical advances in liver transplantation and effective prophylactic strategies, posttransplant infections are the most important cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and management of infections because of developing immunosuppression is difficult and adversely affects mortality. This study aimed to review bacterial and fungal infections in patients after liver transplantation and to reveal the resistance rates.

Unintentional weight loss: what radiologists need to know and what clinicians want to know.

Unintentional weight loss (UWL) is a common presenting symptom with a wide differential diagnosis. Causes may be organic (e.g.

Findings on Chest CT Performed in the Emergency Department in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Single-Institution 8-Year Experience in 136 Patients.

Patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy may present to the emergency department (ED) with a wide range of immune-related adverse events. The purpose of our study was to evaluate chest CT findings in patients receiving ICI therapy presenting to the ED and to explore these findings' associations with clinical parameters. This retrospective study included 136 patients (75 men, 61 women; mean age, 65 ± 12 [SD] years) receiving ICI therapy who underwent chest CT at 163 ED visits between 2011 and 2018.

Dual-energy CT enterography in evaluation of Crohn's disease: the role of virtual monochromatic images.

Purpose: To assess the use of virtual monochromatic images (VMI) for discrimination of affected and non-affected bowel walls in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) as well as to compare mural enhancement between patients with and without CD.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 61 patients (47 with CD, 14 without CD). Attenuation value (AV), signal-to noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were obtained at VMI energy levels from 40 to 110 keV in 10 keV increment.

Correlation of liver-to-spleen ratio, lung CT scores, clinical, and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with two consecutive CT scans.

Purpose: Given the lack of information about abdominal imaging findings and correlation with clinical features of COVID-19, we aimed to evaluate the changes in hepatic attenuation during the course of disease. Our aim was to correlate the liver-to-spleen ratio (L/S), clinical, laboratory findings, and lung CT scores of patients with COVID-19 who had two consecutive chest CTs.

Methods: A retrospective search was performed between March 1, 2020 and April 26, 2020 to identify patients who had positive RT-PCR tests and two unenhanced chest CTs.

Multıparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Before Radical Prostatectomy: Can it Predict Histopathology?

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the histopathological correlation of the suspected prostate malignancy detected in multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Materials And Methods: The data of 93 patients underwent radical prostatectomy and had preoperative mpMRI were examined. Age and pre-operative Prostate-Specific Antigen value were retrospectively collected from patient files.

Imaging features of gastrointestinal toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with erlotinib: A single institute 13-year experience.

Objectives: To investigate the imaging features of erlotinib-associated gastrointestinal toxicity (GT) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: The electronic medical records of 157 patients with NSCLC who received erlotinib between 2005 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with GT. Clinical and radiologic evidence of erlotinib-associated GT was evaluated.

Surgical planning with patient-specific three-dimensional printed pancreaticobiliary disease models - Cross-sectional study.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been increasingly used in medical applications with the creation of accurate patient-specific 3D printed models in medical imaging data. This study has been planned based on the fact that research on 3D printing in pancreaticobiliary disease is limited due to lack of studies on validation of model accuracy.

Methods: This is an innovative study where general surgery residents are presented 5 distinct hepatopancreatobiliary disease scenarios to generate a perception and required to compare their perception level of these cases with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), 3D images and 1:1 solid models that the pathology, diverse diagnosis and presurgery diagnosis stages can be observed.

Clinical, Imaging Findings, Responses, and Outcomes of Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objective: The aim of the study was to study clinical, imaging findings, response patterns, and immune-related adverse events in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: A retrospective search was performed to identify patients with relapsed/refractory cHL and NHL treated with ICIs from 2015 to 2019. Clinical and laboratory data were collected.

Intracellular localization of beta-catenin expression plays a possible prognostic role on the outcome of hepatoblastoma patients.

Purpose: Wnt/Beta-catenin pathway plays an essential role in liver development and regeneration. Abnormal activation in this pathway leads to development of hepatoblastoma (HB). Although its importance has invoked attention, its prognostic role is debatable.

Extraprostatic extension in prostate cancer: primer for radiologists.

The presence of extraprostatic extension (EPE) on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is an important factor in determining the management of prostate cancer. EPE is an established risk factor for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) and patients with EPE may be considered for wider resection margins, non-nerve-sparing surgery, adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Several statistical nomograms and scoring systems have been developed to predict pathological stage at time of RP but with varying accuracies.

The Role of Imaging and Systemic Treatments in Myeloma: A Primer for Radiologists.

The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date guide for radiologists on imaging and systemic therapies in myeloma and related conditions, with a focus on radiologic findings for diagnosis and treatment response assessment. Knowledge of the unique imaging presentations of myeloma is highly useful for radiologists. An understanding of the utility of different imaging modalities and the systemic therapies used in multiple myeloma is also critical in the realm of oncologic imaging.

Clinical, imaging, endoscopic findings, and management of patients with CMV colitis: a single-institute experience.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical, laboratory, imaging, endoscopic findings, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CMV colitis.

Methods: The electronic medical records of 652 patients who had an impression of colitis of unspecified etiology via endoscopic findings between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 9 patients with biopsy-proven CMV colitis and associated CT imaging performed within 1 month of diagnosis.

Imaging and clinical manifestations of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis in cancer patients treated with monotherapy or combination therapy.

Purpose: To determine the frequency, imaging, and clinical manifestations of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related colitis in cancer patients on monotherapy or combination therapy.

Methods: The electronic medical records of 1044 cancer patients who received ICIs were retrospectively reviewed to identify 48 patients who had a clinical diagnosis of immune-related colitis. Imaging studies were reviewed to identify patients with imaging manifestations of colitis.