Untargeted metabolomics confirms the association between plasma branched chain amino acids and residual feed intake in beef heifers.

This study explored plasma biomarkers and metabolic pathways underlying feed efficiency measured as residual feed intake (RFI) in Charolais heifers. A total of 48 RFI extreme individuals (High-RFI, n = 24; Low-RFI, n = 24) were selected from a population of 142 heifers for classical plasma metabolite and hormone quantification and plasma metabolomic profiling through untargeted LC-MS. Most efficient heifers (Low-RFI) had greater (P = 0.

Energy, protein and redox metabolism underlying adaptive responses in New Zealand versus North American Holstein cows in pasture-based dairy systems.

This study explored the metabolic adaptions to grazing conditions of two Holstein genetic strains (GS; North American, NAH; New Zealand, NZH) in two feeding strategies (FS; restricted, P30, vs. maximised, PMAX, grazing). Four groups (NAH-P30, NZH-P30, NAH-PMAX and NZH-PMAX; n = 10 cows each) were compared between -45 and 180 days in milk (DIM).

Ceramide metabolism associated with chronic dietary nutrient surplus and diminished insulin sensitivity in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of cattle.

High dietary energy and protein supply is common practice in livestock nutrition, aiming to maximize growth and production performance. However, a chronic nutritional surplus induces obesity, promotes insulin insensitivity, and triggers low-grade inflammation. Thirty Holstein bulls were randomly assigned to two groups, low energy and protein (LEP), and high energy and protein (HEP) intake, provided from the 13th to the 20th month of life.

Sphingolipidome of plasma, liver, and adipose tissues and its association with insulin response to oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses.

Insulin dysregulation (ID) is a determinant of equine metabolic syndrome. Among the sphingolipids, ceramides contribute to the development of ID; however, the cross talk between the liver and adipose tissue (AT) depots and the variation among AT depots in terms of ceramide metabolism are not well understood. We aimed to characterize the sphingolipidome of plasma, liver, and AT (nuchal, NUAT; subcutaneous, SCAT; omental, OMAT; retroperitoneal, RPAT) and their associations with insulin response to oral glucose testing (OGT) in normoinsulinemic and hyperinsulinemic horses.

Common and diet-specific metabolic pathways underlying residual feed intake in fattening Charolais yearling bulls.

Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the preferred traits for feed efficiency animal breeding. However, RFI measurement is expensive and time-consuming and animal ranking may depend on the nature of the diets. We aimed to explore RFI plasma biomarkers and to unravel the underlying metabolic pathways in yearling bulls fed either a corn-silage diet rich in starch (corn diet) or a grass-silage diet rich in fiber (grass diet).

Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids differ with Holstein genetic strain in pasture-based dairy systems.

In pasture-based systems, there are nutritional and climatic challenges exacerbated across lactation; thus, dairy cows require an enhanced adaptive capacity compared with cows in confined systems. We aimed to evaluate the effect of lactation stage (21 vs. 180 days in milk, DIM) and Holstein genetic strain (North American Holstein, NAH, n = 8; New Zealand Holstein, NZH, n = 8) on metabolic adaptations of grazing dairy cows through plasma metabolomic profiling and its association with classical metabolites.