Spatial Distribution of PCR-Identified Species of Anopheles gambiae senu lato (Diptera: Culicidae) Across Three Eco-Vegetational Zones in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex (An. gambiae s.l.

Knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection among traders.

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a public health problem in Nigeria, with 13% of its general population having evidence of a previous or current infection. Lack of awareness of HBV, its risk factors, and its consequences are recognized as major deterrents to adopting positive preventive behavior including immunization among HBV high-risk groups.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HBV infection among traders.

Knowledge, non-use, use and source of information on contraceptive methods among women in various stages of reproductive age in rural Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Contraceptives are advocated to be used against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases as unsafe abortion contributes to high maternal mortality in Nigeria while unwanted pregnancies have terminated the educational development of many females.

Objective: This questionnaire-based survey aimed to describe the knowledge, nonuse, and use of various contraceptive methods among women in different child-bearing age groups in rural Lagos, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: Between 2012 and 2013, 816 females in rural communities within Lagos State were surveyed for their knowledge, source of information, and use of contraceptives.

Open-label trial of three dosage regimens of fixed-dose combination of artemisinin and naphthoquine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Calabar, Nigeria.

Background: The use of anti-malarial drug combinations with artemisinin, or with one of its derivatives, is now widely recommended to overcome drug resistance in falciparum malaria. Fixed-dose combination of artemisinin and naphthoquine is a new generation artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) offered as a single dose therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy, safety and tolerability of three dosage schedules of fixed-dose combination of artemisinin (125 mg) and naphthoquine (50 mg) for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among adolescents and adults in Calabar, South-east Nigeria.

Chlorproguanil-dapsone-artesunate versus artemether-lumefantrine: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial in African children and adolescents with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Background: Chlorproguanil-dapsone-artesunate (CDA) was developed as an affordable, simple, fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination therapy for use in Africa. This trial was a randomized parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to compare CDA and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) efficacy in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and further define the CDA safety profile, particularly its hematological safety in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) -deficient patients.

Methods And Findings: The trial was conducted at medical centers at 11 sites in five African countries between June 2006 and August 2007.

Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about HIV/AIDS-related issues, and the sources of knowledge among health care professionals in southern Nigeria.

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has become one of the most important public health problems in recent times and it is having a profound impact on the lives of infected people and their families. There is an acknowledged burden of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. As the prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection rises, health care professionals worldwide can expect greater clinical exposure to infected patients.

Artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate plus amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated childhood malaria in Nigeria: randomized controlled trial.

Background: The therapeutic efficacy of artesunate plus amodiaquine and artemether/lumefantrine were assessed in an area of Nigeria with high levels of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.

Participants: Children aged 6 to 59 months with uncomplicated P. falciparum infection and parasite density 1,000 to 200,000 parasites/microL enrolled following informed consent by parents.

The impact of an intervention to change health workers' HIV/AIDS attitudes and knowledge in Nigeria: a controlled trial.

The aim of the study was to improve health workers' skills and confidence in dealing with patients with HIV disease and increase attention to patients' human rights. A longitudinal controlled trial was carried out in which one Nigerian state served as the intervention site and the adjacent state served as the control site for an intervention and dissemination of training in clinical management, health education, and attitudinal change toward patients with HIV disease. The intervention group n=1072, control group n=480.

Treatment of malaria in north-eastern and south-eastern Nigeria: a population study of mefloquine, sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine combination (MSP) vs chloroquine (CQ).

In a population-based study involving 4019 patients in 20 peripheral health facilities in Nigeria, the outcome of presumptive malaria treatment with MSP was compared to that of CQ. The study was conducted between January 1995 and January 1996. Patients aged 6 months or more with a clinical diagnosis of malaria based on history of fever and axillary temperature > 37.

Efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose mefloquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination compared with chloroquine in the treatment of acute malaria infection in a population with multiple drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.

The efficacy and tolerability of single, low-dose mefloquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (MSP) combination was compared with chloroquine (CQ) for malaria treatment in a malaria-endemic area of Nigeria with multiple drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The two drug regimens (MSP and CQ) were tested in a 12-month prospective population study. The patients were divided into two groups.

An open trial of lisinopril ('ZESTRIL') in mild to moderate hypertension in Nigeria.

Fifty-one native Nigerian patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension received Lisinopril ('Zestril') in doses of 10 mg to 40 mg once daily. All patients received an initial dose of 10 mg, which was titrated up to a maximum of 40 mg if normotensive diastolic blood pressure had not been achieved. Reduction in mean diastolic blood pressure, when compared with baseline data, was significant (p < 0.

Cross-national HIV infection control practices and fear of AIDS: a comparison between Nigeria and the USA.

Fears about occupational transmission of HIV may have a significant impact on the behaviour of health care workers and on infection control practices. We investigated the relationships between fear of AIDS and infection control practices in health care workers in major university teaching hospitals in Nigeria and the USA. Data from the fear of AIDS scale and on a measure of infection control practices and beliefs showed that knowledge of whether the patient was HIV-infected determined infection control practices in Calabar but not Texas.

The pattern of neurological sequelae of childhood cerebral malaria among survivors in Calabar, Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the pattern and long term outcome of neurological complications following cerebral malaria (CM) in a group of Nigerian children treated in Calabar.

Design: Prospective, follow up study.

Setting: Children's emergency room (CHER) of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) located in a malaria-holoendemic rainforest belt of south eastern Nigeria.

HIV/AIDS infection control enforcement: a comparison between Nigeria and the United States.

We examined differences in approaches to HIV-related infection control practices in two university teaching hospitals in the United States and Nigeria. Health care workers (n = 202 in Nigeria and 186 in the USA) responded to a previously validated measure of infection control practices. There were significant differences in the estimated probability of treating a person with HIV disease (higher in USA), and a greater probability of peer ridicule as a way of enforcing group norms on infection control in Nigeria.

In vivo efficacy of chloroquine, halofantrine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine and qinghaosu (artesunate) in the treatment of malaria in Calabar, Nigeria.

We used the WHO in vivo seven day test, extended to 14 day follow up to evaluate the efficacy of the alternative antimalarial drugs in Nigeria (1992), where chloroquine resistant P. falciparum (CRPD) has been confirmed. One thousand and four patients were screened.

Perception of malaria infection in two rural communities in Nigeria.

This investigation was concerned with how and when parents and other members of two rural communities (Awi and Ikot Edem Odo) in Cross River State, Nigeria, recognized malaria infection, what they do to prevent the disease, and what triggers their treatment seeking behaviour (cue to action). The psychological and sociocultural contexts of these complex factors were considered. Focus group discussion (FGD) techniques were employed.

Hyperventilation in febrile Nigerian children without pneumonia: an evaluation of the influence of anaemia.

A total of 225 pre-school Nigerians were studied to evaluate the effect of anaemia on the respiratory rate of febrile children, and the influence of this on the reliability of the WHO criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia in the primary health care setting. Malaria was the commonest cause of febrile illness (63.1 pc).

New trends in chloroquine efficacy in the treatment of malaria: significance of low (scanty) parasitaemia in an endemic area, with emerging chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum.

In a continuous malaria therapy surveillance, using in vivo (WHO) seven-day-test, extended to 14 days follow up, we evaluated the significance of low (scanty) parasitaemia, in an area with chloroquine resistance P. falciparum (CRPF), where self-medication is widely practised. We found that 30.

Malaria parasite density and body temperature in children under 10 years of age in Calabar, Nigeria.

1,188 children under 10 years of age who attended the children's Emergency Clinic were examined from January to December 1988. Their axillary temperatures were recorded and thick and thin blood smears made to determine the malaria prevalence rate and the parasite density. The results show a high prevalence rate (44.

New trends in chloroquine efficacy in the treatment of malaria: chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Anambra and Benue States of Nigeria.

Increasing malaria treatment failures with chloroquine (C25) and reports of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum (CRPF) led to the field survey of two sites (Agbani and Jato-Aka) both in Primary Health Zone A, using WHO--in vivo seven-day test, modified to 14-day follow-up period. Of the 922 children studied, high transmission rates of 40 pc and 59.2 pc were found in Agbani and Jato-Aka respectively.

Correlation between in vivo and in vitro response of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria.

Since chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (CRPF) has emerged in Nigeria, we monitored the susceptibility of the parasite strain to a standard chloroquine (C25) dose in our Children's Emergency Unit. Chloroquine (CQ) is the drug of choice for malaria chemotherapy in Nigeria. The WHO 7-day in vivo evaluation and Rieckmann's microtitre technique (in vitro test) were used.

Problems of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Nigeria: one antimalaria drugs' utilisation in metropolitan Calabar.

We studied the antimalarial drugs utilisation pattern in urban Calabar, with a view to determining what drugs people take when they have malaria attack and who diagnoses and prescribes the drugs. We used a standard questionnaire data sheet to record the results of the interview carried out by the authors. Malaria symptoms and the drugs consumed were diagnosed and prescribed respectively by self (54pc), qualified medical doctor (32pc) and others including paramedical staff (2pc).

Malaria and its treatment in rural villages of Aboh Mbaise, Imo State, Nigeria.

We examined the malaria situation among 489 children under 5 years of age in the rural villages of Aboh Mbaise, Nigeria, using a combination of a standard questionnaire technique and laboratory diagnosis to confirm clinical observations. The results show a high prevalence rate of 52.8% for Plasmodium falciparum in this area.

A retrospective study of malaria and malnutrition in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

Morbidity and mortality due to malaria and marasmic kwashiorkor were determined from hospital records in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital over five years. Malaria was found to be a significant cause of morbidity but was responsible for only 3.5% of the deaths that occurred during the period.