Reduced Flow in Delayed Graft Function as Assessed by IVIM Is Associated With Time to Recovery Following Kidney Transplantation.

Background: Delayed graft function (DGF), defined as the need for dialysis in the first week after kidney transplantation, frequently complicates posttransplantation care. The most common cause of DGF is ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). To date, no clinical tools can accurately estimate its severity, nor the time required for recovery of kidney function.

Magnetic Resonance Elastography to Assess Fibrosis in Kidney Allografts.

Background And Objectives: Fibrosis is a major cause of kidney allograft injury. Currently, the only means of assessing allograft fibrosis is by biopsy, an invasive procedure that samples <1% of the kidney. We examined whether magnetic resonance elastography, an imaging-based measure of organ stiffness, could noninvasively estimate allograft fibrosis and predict progression of allograft dysfunction.

Investigating Microstructural Abnormalities and Neurocognition in Sub-Acute and Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Normal-Appearing White Matter: A Preliminary Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

For a significant percentage of subjects, with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI), who report persisting cognitive impairment and functional loss, the diagnosis is often impeded by the fact that routine neuroimaging often does not reveal any abnormalities. In this paper, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the apparently normal white matter (as assessed by routine magnetic resonance imaging) in the brains of 19 subjects with sub-acute (9) and chronic (10) TBI. We also assessed memory, executive function, and visual-motor coordination in these subjects.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging Findings in Post-Concussion Syndrome Patients after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To review the evidence for the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in the human brain as a diagnostic tool for and predictor of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: All relevant studies in AMED, Embase, MEDLINE, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through 20 May, 2016.

Assessing intracortical myelin in the living human brain using myelinated cortical thickness.

Alterations in the myelination of the cerebral cortex may underlie abnormal cortical function in a variety of brain diseases. Here, we describe a technique for investigating changes in intracortical myelin in clinical populations on the basis of cortical thickness measurements with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. For this, we separately compute the thickness of the shallower, lightly myelinated portion of the cortex and its deeper, heavily myelinated portion (referred to herein as unmyelinated and myelinated cortex, respectively).

Patterns of myeloarchitecture in lower limb amputees: an MRI study.

Functional studies of cortical plasticity in humans suggest that the motor cortex reorganizes when the descending motor output pathway is disrupted as a result of limb amputation. The question thus arises if the underlying anatomical organization of the motor cortex is also altered in limb amputation. Owing to challenges involved in imaging the thin cerebral cortex in vivo, there is limited data available on the anatomical or morphological plasticity of the motor cortex in amputation.

Optimizing T1-weighted imaging of cortical myelin content at 3.0 T.

With increases in the sensitivity and resolution of anatomical MRI for the brain, methods for mapping the organization of the cerebral cortex by imaging its myelin content have emerged. This identifies major sensory and motor regions and could be used in studies of cortical organization, particularly if patterns of myelination can be visualized over the cortical surface robustly in individual subjects. The imaging problem is difficult, however, because of the relative thinness of the cerebral cortex and the low intracortical tissue contrast.

Visualizing myeloarchitecture with magnetic resonance imaging in primates.

The pattern of myelination over the cerebral cortex, termed myeloarchitecture, is an established and often-used feature to visualize cortical organization with histology in a variety of primate species. In this paper, we use in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advanced image processing using surface rendering to visualize and characterize myeloarchitecture in a small nonhuman primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Through images made in four female adult marmosets, we produce a representative 3D map of marmoset myeloarchitecture and flatten and annotate this map to show the location and extent of a variety of major areas of the cortex, including the primary visual, auditory, and somatosensory areas.