Ambipolar blend-based organic electrochemical transistors and inverters.

CMOS-like circuits in bioelectronics translate biological to electronic signals using organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs). Ambipolar OECTs can reduce the complexity of circuit fabrication, and in bioelectronics have the major advantage of detecting both cations and anions in one device, which further expands the prospects for diagnosis and sensing. Ambipolar OMIECs however, are scarce, limited by intricate materials design and complex synthesis.

Universal electrode for ambipolar charge injection in organic electronic devices.

Ambipolar transistors, transistors with symmetrical n- and p-type performances, open new avenues for the design and integration of high-density, efficient and versatile circuits for advanced technologies. Their performance requires two processes: efficient injection of holes and electrons from the metal electrodes into the semiconductor; and transport of both carriers through the semiconductor. Organic semiconductors (OSCs) support ambipolar transport, but charge injection is strongly asymmetric due to inherent misalignment of the electrode work function with both conducting levels of the OSC.