Risk factors for malignancy in pediatric subacute/chronic focal craniocervical lymphadenopathy.

Aims: To describe the factors associated with malignancy in otherwise healthy children with focal persistent isolated craniocervical lymphadenopathy at low risk for malignancy, in order to aid in decisions of nodal surgical excision.

Material And Methods: Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively obtained for children with subacute and chronic craniocervical lymphadenopathy, treated from January 2008 to December 2020 at a general pediatric ambulatory clinic of a tertiary center. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for malignancy were performed.

2q13 Distal Microdeletion: Considering Evidence for an Emerging Syndrome Versus Susceptibility Locus: Twenty-Five New Cases and Review of the Literature.

This study investigates distal 2q13 microdeletion, presenting the largest cohort to date, including prenatal cases, alongside a comprehensive literature review. A retrospective analysis was conducted on distal 2q13 microdeletions from clinical charts and laboratory reports. The cohort was divided into "clinically indicated" and "not-clinically indicated" groups based on the reason for chromosomal microarray testing.

The Diagnostic Yield of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis in Third-Trimester Fetal Abnormalities.

Objective:  This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) performed in cases of fetal abnormalities detected during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Study Design:  A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for women who underwent amniocentesis at or beyond 28 weeks of gestation between January 2017 and February 2023. CMA results of pregnancies with abnormal sonographic findings not detected before 28 weeks were included.

Exploring inheritance, and clinical penetrance of distal Xq28 duplication syndrome: insights from 47 new unpublished cases.

Background: Distal Xq28 duplication, or int22h1/int22h2-mediated Xq28 duplication syndrome, leads to cognitive impairment, neurobehavioral issues, and facial dysmorphisms. Existing literature has limited information on clinical traits and penetrance.

Methods: We identified cases of distal Xq28 duplication (chrX: 154,126,575-154,709,680, GRCh37/hg19) through a review of clinical records and microarray reports from five centers, encompassing both postnatal and prenatal cases, with no prior family knowledge of the duplication.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: quality improvement using a maximal lung protection strategy and early surgery-improved survival.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel protocol, adopted in our institution, as a quality improvement project for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). A maximal lung protection (MLP) protocol was implemented in 2019. This strategy included immediate use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) after birth, during the stay at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and during surgical repair.

Overestimation of Oxygen Saturation Measured by Pulse Oximetry in Hypoxemia. Part 1: Effect of Optical Pathlengths-Ratio Increase.

On average, arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO) is higher in hypoxemia than the true oxygen saturation measured invasively (SaO), thereby increasing the risk of occult hypoxemia. In the current article, measurements of SpO on 17 cyanotic newborns were performed by means of a Nellcor pulse oximeter (POx), based on light with two wavelengths in the red and infrared regions (660 and 900 nm), and by means of a novel POx, based on two wavelengths in the infrared region (761 and 820 nm). The SpO readings from the two POxs showed higher values than the invasive SaO readings, and the disparity increased with decreasing SaO.

The association of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain antibodies at delivery with infant SARS-CoV-2 infection under the age of 6 months: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between neonatal SARS-CoV-2 antibody level at delivery and infant SARS-CoV-2 infection under the age of 6 months and to identify predictive factors for neonatal antibody level at delivery.

Methods: In a prospective observational study, conducted between September 2021 and mid-February 2022, cord blood sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike receptor-binding domain antibodies after maternal BNT162b2 vaccination or infection. Infants were followed up for 6 months for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Headache in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and After Kidney Transplantation: A Comparative Study.

Aim: This study compared prevalence and characteristics of headaches between pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease and pediatric patients with transplanted kidneys and identify factors associated with headaches in the entire cohort.

Methods: We interviewed 87 children and adolescents with either chronic kidney disease or transplanted kidney, regarding the prevalence of headaches and their characteristics. We reviewed hospital charts for medical history and blood test.

[UNILATERAL MULTI-CYSTIC LUNG DISEASE IN A PRETERM INFANT].

Cystic diseases of the lung are a rare spectrum of anomalies, commonly diagnosed prenatally. We present a case of a newborn twin, born at 29 weeks gestational. The infant was diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome shortly after birth, treated with surfactant by the INSURE method (intubation, surfactant administration, extubation) and required only short-term non-invasive ventilation.

Do Neonatal Infections Require a Positive Blood Culture?

Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Blood cultures are considered the gold standard for diagnosis, but results are often delayed for 24 to 48 hours, and sensitivity, although improved by modern techniques, such as automated blood cultures, is variable and affected by the bacterial load. For these reasons, empiric antibiotics are frequently administered to avoid potential devastating consequences of untreated sepsis.