Calculation of virtual 3D subtraction angiographies using conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs).

Objective: Subtraction angiographies are calculated using a native and a contrast-enhanced 3D angiography images. This minimizes both bone and metal artifacts and results in a pure image of the vessels. However, carrying out the examination twice means double the radiation dose for the patient.

Comparison of a new MR rapid wash-out map with MR perfusion in brain tumors.

Background: MR perfusion is a standard marker to distinguish progression and therapy-associated changes after surgery and radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma. TRAMs (Treatment Response Assessment Maps) were introduced, which are intended to facilitate the differentiation of vital tumor cells and radiation necrosis by means of late (20-90 min) contrast clearance and enhancement. The differences of MR perfusion and late-enhancement are not fully understood yet.

MRI Treatment Response Assessment Maps (TRAMs) for differentiating recurrent glioblastoma from radiation necrosis.

Background: MRI treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) were introduced to distinguish recurrent malignant glioma from therapy related changes. TRAMs are calculated with two contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences and reflect the "late" wash-out (or contrast clearance) and wash-in of gadolinium. Vital tumor cells are assumed to produce a wash-out because of their high turnover rate and the associated hypervascularization, whereas contrast medium slowly accumulates in scar tissue.

Differentiation of multiple brain metastases and glioblastoma with multiple foci using MRI criteria.

Objective: Glioblastoma with multiple foci (mGBM) and multiple brain metastases share several common features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A reliable preoperative diagnosis would be of clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to explore the differences and similarities between mGBM and multiple brain metastases on MRI.

Brainstem atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies compared with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease on MRI.

Background: Although Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common form of dementia in elderly patients, it remains underdiagnosed compared with Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). This may be explained by overlapping clinical symptoms, e.g.

Psychiatric onset of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies: Current insights into neuroimaging tools.

Purpose: Our article is dedicated to describing the state-of-the-art in imaging techniques for assessing prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (pro-DLB) with a psychiatric-onset.

Materials And Methods: Imaging biomarker techniques are discussed.

Results: (123)-I-2-ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-iodophenyl)--(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane single photon emission computed tomography (123I-FP-CIT SPECT) seems to be a promising method as it reveals abnormalities in pro-DLB with a psychiatric-onset.

New Insights into Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Occurring in the Prodromal Stage of Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Background: Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) can emerge with the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Standard biomarkers can help identify such patients to improve therapy and treatment strategies. Our review aims to describe the latest evidence on promising biomarkers in prodromal DLB with MCI onset (MCI-LB).

Comparison of EPI DWI and STEAM DWI in Early Postoperative MRI Controls After Resection of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is important for differentiating residual tumor and subacute infarctions in early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In cases of pneumocephalus and especially in the presence of intraventricular trapped air, conventional echo-planar imaging (EPI) DWI is distorted by susceptibility artifacts. The performance and robustness of a newly developed DWI sequence using the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) was evaluated in patients after neurosurgical operations with early postoperative MRI.

Brain F-FDG-PET and an optimized cingulate island ratio to differentiate Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Background And Purpose: The diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is challenging due to various clinical presentations and clinical and neuropathological features that overlap with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET ( F-FDG-PET) can be limited due to similar patterns in DLB and AD. However, metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex is known to be relatively preserved in DLB and visual assessment of the "cingulate island sign" became a helpful tool in the analysis of 18F-FDG-PET.

Meningeosis Neoplastica in Patients with Glioblastoma: Analysis of 36 Cases.

Background: Meningeosis neoplastica is a rare manifestation of high-grade gliomas and is usually associated with a devastating outcome. The aim of this bicenter series was to investigate the clinical course and outcome of patients with meningiosis neoplastica.

Methods: This case series included patients in whom surgery was performed for World Health Organization grade IV primary and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany between 2009 and 2021 and Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia between 2012 and 2018.

Metric magnetic resonance imaging analysis reveals pronounced substantia-innominata atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies with a psychiatric onset.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a type of dementia often diagnosed in older patients. Since its initial symptoms range from delirium to psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, the diagnosis is often delayed.

Objectives: In our study, we evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients suffering from DLB in correlation with their initial symptoms taking a new pragmatic approach entailing manual measurements in addition to an automated volumetric analysis of MRI.

First clinical application of a novel T1 mapping of the whole brain.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and clinical value of the novel single-shot T1 mapping method for rapid and accurate multi-slice coverage of the whole brain, described by Wang et al. 2015.

Methods: At a field strength of 3 Tesla, T1 mappings of 139 patients (51 of them without pathologic findings) and two repeats of five volunteers were performed at 0.

Manual and automated analysis of atrophy patterns in dementia with Lewy bodies on MRI.

Background: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common dementia type in patients older than 65 years. Its atrophy patterns remain unknown. Its similarities to Parkinson's disease and differences from Alzheimer's disease are subjects of current research.

Prediction of midline shift after media ischemia using computed tomography perfusion.

Background: Decision-making about the indication for decompressive hemicraniectomy in cases with malignant infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is still a matter of debate. Some scores have been introduced and tested, most of them are midline-shift dependent. We introduce the Kinematics of malignant MCA infarction (KM) index, which can be calculated based on an initial computed tomography perfusion scan and the chosen therapy (lysis/thrombectomy/conservative) in order to estimate the maximum midline-shift in the subsequent 6 days.

Differentiation of brain metastases from small and non-small lung cancers using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.

Background: Brain metastases are particularly common in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with NSCLC showing a less  aggressive clinical course and lower chemo- and radio sensitivity compared to SCLC. Early adequate therapy is highly desirable and depends on a reliable classification of tumor type. The apparent diffusion coefficient is a noninvasive neuroimaging marker with the potential to differentiate between major histological subtypes.

Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted STEAM-MRI in ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Diffusion-weighted imaging in stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM-DWI) is an interesting alternative with less susceptibility artifacts compared to the most commonly used diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI-DWI). Sensitivity and specificity of a novel STEAM-DWI, described by Merrem et al. 2017 [1], were assessed in patients with ischemic stroke.

Differentiation of arterial and venous neurovascular conflicts estimates the clinical outcome after microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia.

Background: Balanced Steady State Free Precession (b-SSFP) sequences and the newly developed Fast-Spin-Echo (FSE)-sequences enable an optimized visualization of neurovascular compression (NVC) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Arterial conflicts are mostly associated with a favorable outcome of microvascular decompression (MVD) compared to venous conflicts. An additional Time-of-Flight (TOF) angiography provides the differentiation between offending arteries and veins and a precise counselling of the patient concerning postoperative pain relief.

Image review on mobile devices for suspected stroke patients: Evaluation of the mRay software solution.

Purpose: Software solutions such as mRay allow review of radiological images on handheld devices. We investigated if the quality is adequate for evaluating CT scans of patients with suspected stroke.

Methods: 50 patients (Median age 80 years, 28 females) were retrospectively selected.