Car Bumper Effects in ADAS Sensors at Automotive Radar Frequencies.

Radars in the W-band are being integrated into car bumpers for functionalities such as adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance, or lane-keeping. These Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) enhance traffic security in coordination with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This paper analyzes the attenuation effect that car bumpers cause on the signals passing through them.

Comorbid conditions associated with Parkinson's disease: A longitudinal and comparative study with Alzheimer disease and control subjects.

Background And Objective: To study what comorbid conditions were present at baseline and 3years later in a cohort of Spanish Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, to compare comorbidity with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control groups and to analyze the role of comorbidity as predictor of mortality.

Methods: One hundred and forty-seven non-demented PD patients (57.1% males; 70.

Cuttlefish Ink Melanin Encapsulated in Nanolipid Bubbles and Applied Through a Micro-Needling Procedure Easily Stains White Hair Facilitating Photoepilation.

Background: Photothermolysis of unwanted hair depends on the presence of melanin in the hair follicle as the chromophore, but is not effective in patients with non-pigmented, melanin-sparse hair shafts and follicles. This split-scalp, double-blind study was to monitor the efficacy of melanin bound in nanosomes to inject exogenous melanin into the hair follicles thus potentiating successful photothermolysis.


Material And Methods: Twelve patients, phototypes II-III, with white or very fair hair, were treated with a compound containing melanin encapsulated in nanosomes (Melaser) together with a fluorescent marker.

Phosphatidylcholine liposomes as carriers to improve topical ascorbic acid treatment of skin disorders.

Liposomes have been intensively investigated as carriers for different applications in dermatology and cosmetics. Ascorbic acid has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties preventing photodamage of keratinocytes; however, due to its instability and low skin penetration, an appropriate carrier is mandatory to obtain desirable efficacy. The present work investigates the ability of a specific ascorbate phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum and deliver the active agent into the dermis to prevent photodamage.

Microneedling dilates the follicular infundibulum and increases transfollicular absorption of liposomal sepia melanin.

Encapsulation of chemicals in liposomes and microneedling are currently used techniques to enhance the penetration of several substances through skin and hair. In this study, we apply a liposomal melanin-fluorescein compound to an ex vivo model of human skin, using a new electrical microneedling device (Nanopore turbo roller). The product was applied by hand massage (A) or with the assistance of the electrical roller for 2 minutes (B).

Age and date for early arrival of the Acheulian in Europe (Barranc de la Boella, la Canonja, Spain).

The first arrivals of hominin populations into Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene are currently considered to have occurred as short and poorly dated biological dispersions. Questions as to the tempo and mode of these early prehistoric settlements have given rise to debates concerning the taxonomic significance of the lithic assemblages, as trace fossils, and the geographical distribution of the technological traditions found in the Lower Palaeolithic record. Here, we report on the Barranc de la Boella site which has yielded a lithic assemblage dating to ∼1 million years ago that includes large cutting tools (LCT).

[Cost relation between severity of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive and functional impairment].

Background And Objective: This study aims to identify the relationship between costs of medical and social attention in patients with dementia of Alzheimer disease (AD) type and clinical and sociodemographic data of patients and their caregivers.

Patients And Method: It was an analytic observational study in a cohort of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease who received ambulatory attention. Information about the use of health-related resources was collected and costs were estimated from a societal perspective.

[Insects associated with flowers of weeds of the Botanical Garden of Santiago de Cuba, with emphasis on Hymenoptera].

The insect visitors of flowers in nine weeds species were studied in the Botanical Garden of Santiago de Cuba, Eastern Cuba, during 1993 (March-June, spring season) and 1994 (January-March, end of winter and beginning of spring season). About 50 hours of collecting efforts were made at three times (0900-0930 hr in 1993; 0900-0930 hr, 1200-1230 hr and 1500-1530 hr in 1994). More than 140 species of at least 37 families were found; Hymenoptera dominated (with more than a half of specimens), followed by Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.

Endogenous dopamine increases extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA in striatum of the freely moving rat: involvement of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.

Interactions between endogenous dopamine, glutamate, GABA, and taurine were investigated in striatum of the freely moving rat by using microdialysis. Intrastriatal infusions of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine (NMF) were used to increase the endogenous extracellular dopamine. NMF produced a dose-related increase in extracellular dopamine and also increased extracellular concentrations of glutamate, GABA, and taurine.

M1 muscarinic receptor stimulation decreases aspartate release in the rat neostriatum.

This study investigates the effects of different muscarinic receptor agonists on extracellular glutamate and aspartate concentrations in the rat neostriatum. In vivo intracerebral perfusions were undertaken in the conscious rat using a concentric push-pull cannulae system. Amino acid concentrations in samples were determined by HPLC with fluorometric detection.

M1 acetylcholine receptor stimulation increases the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat.

The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of different muscarinic receptor agonists on glutamate and GABA concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat. In vivo perfusions were made in the conscious rat using a concentric push-pull cannulae system. Amino acid concentrations in samples were determined by HPLC with fluorometric detection.

De novo interstitial tandem duplication of chromosome 4(q21-q28).

We describe a girl with a previously unreported de novo duplication of chromosome 4q involving segment q21-q28. Clinical manifestations included growth and psychomotor retardation, facial asymmetry, hypotelorism, epicanthic folds, mongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, apparently low-set auricles, high nasal bridge, long philtrum, small mouth, short neck, low-set thumbs, and bilateral club foot. This phenotype is compared with that of previously reported cases of duplication 4q.

The modulatory effect of melatonin on the dopamine-glutamate interaction in the anterior hypothalamus during ageing.

We investigated the effects of melatonin on the dopamine-glutamate interaction in the anterior hypothalamus of young, middle-aged and aged rats. In young rats, under the effects of amphetamine, melatonin produced an inhibition of dopamine release and a significant increase in glutamate and aspartate release. In middle-aged and aged rats, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on amphetamine-evoked dopamine release were maintained, but no effects on glutamate or aspartate release were found.

Dopamine-glutamic acid interaction in the anterior hypothalamus: modulatory effect of melatonin.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of melatonin as neuromodulator. For that, the effects of melatonin on the extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids, glutamic and aspartic acids, were investigated in the anterior hypothalamus and parieto-temporal cortex of the conscious rat using an intracerebral perfusion system. Melatonin at doses of 250 nM and 1 microM produced no effects on extracellular glutamate and aspartate concentrations in these two areas of the brain.

Effects of apomorphine and L-methionine sulphoximine on the release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters and glutamine in the striatum of the conscious rat.

The effects of apomorphine, a D1-, D2-dopamine receptor agonist, on the extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids, glutamic and aspartic acids, and on that of their precursor, glutamine, were investigated using an intracerebral perfusion system. Apomorphine produced a concentration-related rise in glutamic acid concentration in cerebral perfusates (P < 0.01) whereas only the highest concentration of apomorphine (3 x 10(-3) micrograms/microliters) increased the concentration of aspartic acid (P < 0.

Effects of neurotensin on the release of glutamic acid in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of the rat.

The effects of neurotensin (NT) on the extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids (EAA) glutamic acid (GLU) and aspartic acid (ASP) in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) and striatum (ST) of the conscious rat have been studied. NT was infused directly into these two structures for 10 min at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 nM. In the MPC, NT produced a dose-related increase of GLU.

Aging, prefrontal cortex, and amino acid neurotransmitters: differential effects produced by electrical stimulation.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on the in vivo release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex of young (3-4 months) and aged (27-30 months) rats. In vivo push-pull perfusions were performed in the conscious animal. The levels of aspartate, glutamate, and glycine were analyzed by HPLC-fluorimetric detection.

Release of amino acid neurotransmitters in different cortical areas of conscious adult and aged rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the levels of amino acid neurotransmitters change during the normal process of aging in the cerebral cortex. In vivo push-pull perfusions were performed in four different areas of the cortex of young (3-4 months) and aged (24-26 months) rats: medial prefrontal cortex, sulcal prefrontal cortex, parieto-temporal cortex and occipital cortex. Extracellular levels of Asp, Glu, Ser, Gln, and Gly were analyzed by HPLC-fluorimetric detection.

Selective release of glutamine and glutamic acid produced by perfusion of GLP-1 (7-36) amide in the basal ganglia of the conscious rat.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)(7-36) amide, a member of the family of glucagon and related peptides, synthesized by intestinal L cells, has a well-defined distribution in rat brain. In addition, specific GLP-1(7-36) amide receptors have also been localized in some regions of the brain, which suggests that this novel gut-brain peptide has a role in brain function. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of this peptide on the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia of conscious rats after its perfusion through a concentric "push-pull" cannula system with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid.