Publications by authors named "Ewing A"

The aim of this paper is to overview the meeting on New horizons in nanoelectrochemistry held at Nanjing University in China in October 2024 and to give some perspective to the work presented. This paper is based on my summary talk and breaks down the subjects in the following areas of nanoelectrochemistry presented at the meeting: nanowires, nanonets, and nanoarrays; nanopores; nanopipettes; spectroelectrochemistry, scanning ion-conductance microscopy and light-active processes at nanointerfaces; scanning electrochemical microscopy and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy; and nanosensors. I end with some discussion of online meetings and where the field might go including artificial intelligence and by asking AI to define the challenges and future of nanoelectrochemistry.

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Introduction: The healthcare sector has great potential for promoting physical activity (PA) for chronic disease prevention, treatment and management; however, multiple adoption and implementation barriers exist, ranging from practice integration to information flow. In 2016, Exercise is Medicine Greenville (EIMG), a comprehensive clinic-to-community approach that involves PA assessment, recommendation and/or prescription and provider-based referral of patients to community-based PA programmes, was launched by Prisma Health in Greenville, South Carolina, USA. Since inception, variability has emerged in adoption and implementation, impacting patient reach, referral rates and engagement in the community-based PA programmes, highlighting the need for closer evaluation and refinement of strategies to maximise programme impact.

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Single cell Amperometry (SCA) is a powerful, sensitive, high temporal resolution electrochemical technique used to quantify secreted molecular messengers from individual cells and vesicles. This technique has been extensively applied to study the process of exocytosis, and it has also been applied, albeit less frequently, to investigate insulin exocytosis from single pancreatic beta cells. Insufficient insulin release can lead to diabetes, a chronic lifestyle disorder that affects millions of people worldwide.

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  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but the reasons for this connection are not fully understood.
  • Research found that alveolar macrophages from T2D patients showed heightened Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) growth and altered immune responses compared to those without T2D.
  • The study reveals important changes in immune cell functions and gene expression in T2D patients that may explain their increased vulnerability to more severe TB infections.
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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Early detection via routine CRC screening can significantly lower risks for CRC-specific morbidity and mortality. Public health initiatives between 2000 and 2015 nearly doubled CRC screening rates for some US adults.

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Chemical imaging of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms is a key technique for quality assurance and issue diagnosis. This technique can be further augmented using 3D chemical imaging serial sections and image stacking. However, the additional collection time this entails means that 3D imaging is utilised for a very niche set of applications.

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  • * Using data from the National Inpatient Sample (2017-2019), the researchers focused on maternal risk factors like severe preeclampsia, placenta accreta spectrum, and cardiac issues, and examined outcomes such as serious complications and organ failures.
  • * Findings indicated that risk factors were associated with worse outcomes but that these associations were less severe in higher-level care facilities (Level III/IV), suggesting that better care settings could improve maternal health results.
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Amperometry is a commonly used electrochemical method for studying the process of exocytosis in real-time. Given the high precision of recording that amperometry procedures offer, the volume of data generated can span over several hundreds of megabytes to a few gigabytes and therefore necessitates systematic and reproducible methods for analysis. Though the spike characteristics of amperometry traces in the time domain hold information about the dynamics of exocytosis, these biochemical signals are, more often than not, characterized by time-varying signal properties.

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  • Overall colorectal cancer (CRC) rates are decreasing overall but have nearly doubled among adults under 50 since the early 1990s, leading to a community campaign (#CRCandMe) aimed at raising awareness in Utah and Wisconsin.
  • The campaign ran from June to September 2023, achieving over 26.7 million impressions and significant engagement, with 74% of participants recognizing CRC signs but only 18% identifying risk factors.
  • Knowledge about CRC signs improved post-campaign, highlighted by a statistically significant increase, suggesting the campaign's success and potential for future public health initiatives focused on reducing CRC incidence in younger adults.
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Serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter, is important in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. Malfunction of serotonin signaling leads to various disorders. We studied serotonin signaling from serotonergic neurons inside the ventral nerve cord of Drosophila melanogaster.

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Glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder affecting mitochondrial fatty acid, amino acid and choline oxidation. Clinical manifestations vary across the lifespan and onset may occur at any time from the early neonatal period to advanced adulthood. Historically, some patients, in particular those with late onset disease, have experienced significant benefit from riboflavin supplementation.

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The microtubule-associated protein tau participates in neurotransmission regulation via its interaction with synaptic vesicles (SVs). The precise nature and mechanics of tau's engagement with SVs, especially regarding alterations in vesicle dynamics, remain a matter of discussion. We report an electrochemical method using a synapse-mimicking nanopipette to monitor vesicle dynamics induced by tau.

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Retrotransposons are mobile DNA sequences duplicated via transcription and reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cis-regulatory elements encoded by retrotransposons can also promote the transcription of adjacent genes. Somatic LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon insertions have been detected in mammalian neurons.

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  • The review examines how certain inborn errors of immunity, like hyper IgE syndromes, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia, lead to unique viral infection presentations.
  • Recent research shows that genetic and viral diagnostics have enhanced our understanding of how immune dysfunction impacts viral pathogenesis and patient outcomes.
  • The findings highlight that specific genetic defects contribute to severe viral infections, suggesting that unusual presentations should trigger further genetic testing.
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African American/Black (henceforth Black) men face disproportionate risks of morbidity and mortality from both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7) tool was designed to examine predictors of CVD with included behaviors also linked to CRC risk (i.e.

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This article aimed at analyzing the acute impact and the longer-term recovery of COVID-19 pandemic effects on clinical encounter types, HIV viral load (VL) testing, and suppression (HIV VL < 200 copies/mL). This study was a longitudinal cohort study of participants seen during 2019-2022 at nine HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) sites. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) estimated monthly rates of all encounters, office and telemedicine visits, and HIV VL tests using 2010-2022 data.

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Introduction: Previous studies have reported that neonates less than the 25th BWC especially if they were male, were more likely to be associated with birth complications suggesting small neonates often identified as appropriately grown are at risk of adverse outcomes. We have questioned whether smaller neonates not typically categorized as "small for gestational age" may not reach their genetically determined growth due to placental insufficiency.

Methods: RNA-Seq was performed on the Illumina NovaSeq 600 using term placentae from neonates that were less than the 10th birthweight centile (BWC) (n = 39), between the 10th and the 30th BWC (n = 15) or greater than the 30th BWC (n = 23).

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  • The study aimed to estimate the number of prevented perinatal HIV transmissions in the US from 1994 to 2020 due to perinatal zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis.
  • Researchers calculated the difference between expected and observed perinatal HIV transmissions, using data on births to women with HIV and the transmission rate from a clinical trial (22.55%).
  • The results showed a significant decline in infants born with HIV, dropping from 1,263 in 1994 to only 36 in 2020, leading to an estimated 22,732 perinatal HIV infections prevented during this period, marking a major public health success.
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Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful tool that enables the study of electrochemical processes at interfaces and provides insights into the intrinsic chemical and structural heterogeneities of individual entities. Signal processing is a critical aspect of single-entity electrochemical measurements and can be used for data recognition, classification, and interpretation. In this review, we summarize the recent five-year advances in signal processing techniques for single-entity electrochemistry and highlight their importance in obtaining high-quality data and extracting effective features from electrochemical signals, which are generally applicable in single-entity electrochemistry.

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Background And Purpose: A bolus is required when treating scalp lesions with photon radiation therapy. Traditional bolus materials face several issues, including air gaps and setup difficulty due to irregular, convex scalp geometry. A 3D-milled bolus is custom-formed to match individual patient anatomy, allowing improved dose coverage and homogeneity.

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An overreactive stress granule (SG) pathway and long-lived, stable SGs formation are thought to participate in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). To understand if and how SGs contribute to disorders of neurotransmitter release in NDs, we examined the interaction between extracellular isolated SGs and vesicles. Amperometry shows that the vesicular content increases and dynamics of vesicle opening slow down after vesicles are treated with SGs, suggesting larger vesicles are formed.

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Introduction: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is indicated for adult patients diagnosed with leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Proton-based vertebral body sparing (VBS) CSI has been explored with pediatric patients to minimize hematologic toxicity; however, utilization of VBS in an adult population is limited. A recent phase II trial has shown efficacy of proton-based CSI to treat non-small cell lung and breast cancer with LMD.

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