The Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Children with Bronchial Asthma.

The discovery of an effective airway inflammation marker which correctly identifies the condition and phenotype of asthma still constitutes a significant challenge. The determination of NLR, that is, the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes, would overcome this challenge. The role of the neutrophil-lymphocytic index in the diagnosis of specific types of asthma is investigated in the present study.

Changes in the Histological Structure of Adrenal Glands and Corticosterone Level after Whey Protein or Bee Pollen Supplementation in Running and Non-Running Rats.

Due to the many health-promoting properties of bee pollen and whey protein, both products are widely used as dietary supplements. According to these reports on their health-promoting properties, the aim of our study is to assess whether these products can influence the structure and function of the adrenal glands in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups.

Changes in Histological Structure, Interleukin 12, Smooth Muscle Actin and Nitric Oxide Synthase 1. and 3. Expression in the Liver of Running and Non-Running Wistar Rats Supplemented with Bee Pollen or Whey Protein.

Bee pollen is a natural substance obtained from flowers by bees. It is a rich source of protein, vitamins and minerals. It can be used as a dietary supplement.

Effects of Soy Protein Containing of Isoflavones and Isoflavones Extract on Plasma Lipid Profile in Postmenopausal Women as a Potential Prevention Factor in Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The aim of the report was to evaluate the impact of soy protein containing isoflavones and soy isoflavones extract on lipid profile in postmenopausal women, as compared with placebo or protein of milk, casein or isolated soy protein with or without trace isoflavone content. We used the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Quantitative data synthesis was performed by applying a random-effects model.

Postnatal probiotics administration does not prevent asthma in children, but using prebiotics or synbiotics may be the effective potential strategies to decrease the frequency of asthma in high-risk children - a meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Background: The role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in preventing asthma and other allergic diseases has been widely explored via many randomized controlled trials. However, the results on the effect of their supplementation during infancy to the incidence of allergic rhinitis or asthma, are conflicting.The study was designed to bring to light the potential effects of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics supplementation in early childhood with regard to the future occurrence of allergic diseases.

Acceptability of a Sublingual Drug Formulation for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years.

In pediatrics, acceptability has emerged as a key factor for compliance, and consequently for treatment safety and efficacy. Polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in 50-mg sublingual tablets is indicated in children and adults for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections. This medication may be prescribed in children over 3 years of age; the appropriateness of this sublingual formulation should thus be demonstrated amongst young children.

γδ T Lymphocytes in Asthma: a Complicated Picture.

A minor subset (approximately 5%) of peripheral T cells has their TCR build up from γ and δ chains instead of α and β-those are the γδ T lymphocytes. They can be functionally divided into subsets, e.g.

Impact of Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate on lymphocyte number and activity in asthmatic children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate (PMBL®) contains antigens of bacteria responsible for respiratory infections. PMBL® has been proven to reduce the number of respiratory infections, and in its use, immunological benefits have been seen in allergic patients. PMBL® activates both innate and specific immune responses.

Lung histomorphological alterations in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapour.

Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly common as a form of nicotine usage, known as vaping. Numerous studies have demonstrated that using electronic cigarettes may lead to nicotine dependence and has a potentially harmful impact on health. The present study compared the impact of electronic and conventional cigarettes on lung tissue.

Lower weight gain after vaping cessation than after smoking quitting.

Background: Smoking is frequently a way to control appetite and weight. The data concerning the body mass gain after quitting among the users of electronic cigarettes who have no prior history of smoking traditional cigarettes is inconsistent.

Objective: In our study we have compared smoking and vaping impact on weight gain and glycaemia.

Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein.

Various protein-based supplements are at least periodically consumed by 30%-40% of sportspeople. The current study compares cardiovascular effects of diet supplementation with 2 different protein-rich products: bee pollen and whey protein. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, one subjected to daily moderate physical activity and one not.

CB2R agonist prevents nicotine induced lung fibrosis.

Introduction: Nicotine stimulates fibroblast proliferation while increasing inflammation and fibrosis of tissues. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is mainly located in the CNS, while cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is located in the immune cells within the body. CB2R regulates inflammatory processes and fibroblast function.

Decrease in Lipid Droplets in Adrenal Cortex of Male Wistar Rats after Chronic Exposure to Energy Drinks.

: Energy drinks are popular non-alcoholic beverages. They are consumed in large amounts, mainly by active, young people. Although they are easily accessible and marketed as safe, numerous cases of adverse effects have been published, including cardiac arrest, arrythmias, acute hepatitis, and renal failure.

Expression of caspase 1 and histomorphology of lung after cladribine treatment.

Background: Cladribine is a useful immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, leukemias and multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the drug having low toxicity, side effects have been reported connected with myelosuppression, neutropenia and severe anemia.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of cladribine on lung pathomorphology and the expression of caspase 1 using immunohistochemistry method.

Dietary supplements – consumer assessment based on questionnaire survey.

Introduction: Dietary supplements (DS) are dietary products aiming only at diet complementation. Nevertheless, they are frequently used in treatment of various conditions since they are safer substitutes for medication.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of dietary supplements using by young people, their knowledge about the used substances, and the assessment of the effectiveness of DS by those who consumed these products.

Analysis of Polish internet retail sites offering electronic cigarettes.

Background: Electronic cigarettes as possibly healthier alternative to conventional cigarettes are gaining popularity worldwide, although they are still hazardous to human health. Partly it is caused by unregulated advertising and online sales. Unfortunately it is more and more popular for youth to try electronic cigarettes.

Tobacco smokers and electronic cigarettes users among Polish universities students.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are small battery-powered electronic devices, heating the liquid to produce vapour--in most cases the latter contains nicotine and several flavourings. E-cigarettes are highly advertised across the media, mainly as healthy substitute to conventional cigarettes, aid in quitting smoking addiction or way of circumventing ban on smoking in public places.

Objective: The aim of study was obtaining epidemiological data on cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette usage among Polish universities students.

Intrinsic apoptosis pathway in fallopian tube epithelial cells induced by cladribine.

Cladribine is a purine nucleoside analog which initiates the apoptotic mechanism within cells. Moreover, the available data confirms that cladribine, with the participation of the p53 protein, as well as the proapoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family, also induces the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. However, while there has been a lot of research devoted to the effect of cladribine on lymphatic system cells, little is known about the impact of cladribine on the reproductive system.

P53 protein in proliferation, repair and apoptosis of cells.

The p53 protein is an important factor of many intra- and extracellular processes. This protein regulates the repair of cellular DNA and induces apoptosis. It is also responsible for the regulation of the senescence and the cell entering the subsequent stages of the cellular cycle.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of cell proliferation and apoptosis markers in ovarian surface epithelial cells of cladribine-treated rats.

Cladribine has been used in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia for about 30 years. In addition, the number of indications for the application of 2-CdA is constantly increasing. The treatment with cladribine, of younger persons and even children, appears to be a major factor stimulating the more exact recognition of its activities.