Mechanistic Insights into Clinically Relevant Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics.

Antibiotics targeting the bacterial ribosome are essential to combating bacterial infections. These antibiotics bind to various sites on the ribosome, inhibiting different stages of protein synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of action of clinically relevant antibiotics that target the bacterial ribosome, including macrolides, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

Stress granule-mediated sequestration of EGR1 mRNAs correlates with lomustine-induced cell death prevention.

Some chemotherapy drugs modulate the formation of stress granules (SGs), which are RNA-containing cytoplasmic foci contributing to stress response pathways. How SGs mechanistically contribute to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic functions must be better defined. The chemotherapy drug lomustine promotes SG formation by activating the stress-sensing eIF2α kinase HRI (encoded by the EIF2AK1 gene).

Clinical characteristics of children with MIS-C fulfilling classification criteria for macrophage activation syndrome.

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a potentially life-threatening complication of various inflammatory disorders, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). MIS-C refractory to treatment should raise suspicion of MAS, which can be fatal if a definitive diagnosis is delayed. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data on MAS in children with MIS-C.

To vaccinate or not to vaccinate - BNT162b2 seroconversion rate and side effects among Polish healthcare workers.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the effect of BNT162b2 vaccination among Polish healthcare workers in terms of serologic response and adverse events.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire survey covered data in the period January 1-March 31, 2021 gathered in 2 hospitals in Wielkopolska, Poland. Additionally, serological analysis (SARS-CoV-2 anti-S protein IgG) was performed.

The Role of Glucocorticoids in the Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)-Data from POLISH MIS-C Registry.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a condition related to COVID-19. It's most significant feature is cardiac involvement.

Methods: We have analyzed data from 42 hospitals in the Polish MIS-C Registry.

Mutation in the proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 () gene in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Autoinflammatory syndromes are disorders characterized by recurrent or chronic inflammation caused by the dysregulation of the innate immune system. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of overactivation of the immune system. We present a case of a 20-month-old boy who was referred to an oncology clinic because of HLH suspicion.

Can AI Help Pediatricians? Diagnosing Kawasaki Disease Using DRSA.

The DRSA method (dominance-based rough set approach) was used to create decision-making rules based on the results of physical examination and additional laboratory tests in the differential diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD), infectious mononucleosis and pharyngitis in children. The study was conducted retrospectively. The search was based on the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) codes of final diagnosis.

Semi-Automatic Volumetric and Standard Three-Dimensional Measurements for Primary Tumor Evaluation and Response to Treatment Assessment in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Current prognostic classification of rhabdomyosarcoma in children requires precise measurements of the tumor. The purpose of the study was to compare the standard three-dimensional (3D) measurements with semi-automatic tumor volume measurement method concerning assessment of the primary tumor size and the degree of response to treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Magnetic Resonance Imaging data on 31 children with treated rhabdomyosarcoma based on the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) guidance was evaluated.

Arterial constriction after resection of neuroblastic tumors in children: Two-center retrospective study.

Background/purpose: Neuroblastic tumors are the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumors in infants and very young children. Although, especially in newborns, there is an increasing number of situations in which observation alone is used, surgery remains an important step in the treatment of neuroblastoma but can be complicated by arterial vasospasm in the surgical field. The aim of this two-center retrospective study was to analyze the occurrence of arterial constriction as a complication of neuroblastic tumors resection.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Choriocarcinoma in an Infant and Mother.

Infantile choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare disease. We present a case study of a 1-month-old male with choriocarcinoma diagnosed simultaneously with his mother. On admission to hospital, the disease was very advanced and massive progression and multi-organ failure caused the death of the patient despite the implemented treatment.

Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea - analysis of data provided by Christian health services.

Unlabelled: Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea - analysis of data provided by Christian Health Services.

Background: This analysis aimed to assess rural parents' knowledge about the diseases prevented by vaccinations and establish vaccination coverage in PNG.

Methods: Knowledge of vaccinations was checked through a standard questionnaire (five closed questions).

SARS-CoV-2 testing and infection control strategies in European paediatric emergency departments during the first wave of the pandemic.

Between February and May 2020, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, paediatric emergency departments in 12 European countries were prospectively surveyed on their implementation of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) testing and infection control strategies. All participating departments (23) implemented standardised case definitions, testing guidelines, early triage and infection control strategies early in the outbreak. Patient testing criteria initially focused on suspect cases and later began to include screening, mainly for hospital admissions.

The Profile of Microorganisms Responsible for Port-Related Bacteremia in Pediatric Hemato-Oncological Patients.

Patients with pediatric cancer face an increased risk of infections. In most cases, these infections are associated with the use of a long-term central venous catheter. This study describes the epidemiology of a port-associated bacteremia as well as a profile of microorganisms responsible for port-associated bloodstream infections (PABSIs) in pediatric patients with cancer treated in a single center.

Genes and their single nucleotide polymorphism involved in innate immune response in central nervous system in bacterial meningitis: review of literature data.

Background: There are many studies analysing the effect of SNPs in genes coding proteins which are involved in innate immune response on susceptibility to invasive bacterial disease. Many of them gave inconclusive results. Regarding the complexity of immune response and cooperation between particular elements, number of SNPs may have a cumulative effect on the susceptibility to bacterial meningitis.

How many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) must be tested in order to prove susceptibility to bacterial meningitis in children? Analysis of 11 SNPs in seven genes involved in the immune response and their effect on the susceptibility to bacterial meningitis in children.

The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of single single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as their combinations in genes encoding proteins involved in the immune response in children with bacterial meningitis. The prospective study group consisted of 39 children with bacterial meningitis and 49 family members surveyed between 2012 and 2016. Eleven SNPs in seven genes involved in immune response were analysed.

The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677T-1298C haplotype is a risk factor for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

The etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is complex, linked with both environmental exposures and genetic factors. Functional variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene result in disturbance in folate metabolism and may affect susceptibility to cancer. The study was performed to evaluate whether MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, analyzed separately and together, are associated with the development of ALL in a population under 18 years of age of Caucasian ancestry.

Evaluation of vitamin D concentration in a population of young, healthy women - the effects of vitamin D supplementation.

Introduction: The goal of the study was an evaluation of serum vitamin D concentrations in healthy young women.

Material And Methods: A total of 106 healthy women, aged 20-30 years, were included in the study. Monthly evaluation - for three months - of the effects of calcium (500 mg) and vitamin D (1500 IU) administration in women with baseline values of vitamin D < 20 ng/mL (Group 1) plus the effects of an 800 IU/d dose in women with the baseline value of D > 20 ng/mL (Group 2).

With a little help from a computer: discriminating between bacterial and viral meningitis based on dominance-based rough set approach analysis.

Differential Diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis remains an important clinical problem. A number of methods to assist in the diagnoses of meningitis have been developed, but none of them have been found to have high specificity with 100% sensitivity.We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 148 children hospitalized in St.

Too young to be vaccinated: hospitalizations caused by varicella among children in the first year of life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the causes of hospitalization in the course of varicella in children during the first year of life.

Methods: An analysis was performed of the medical documentation of 359 children hospitalized for varicella on the infectious diseases ward at the Children's Hospital in Poznan (Poland) between January 2007 and August 2015.

Results: Of the 359 children in the study group, 96 were younger than 1 year old.