Breath emulator for simulation and modelling of expired tidal breath carbon dioxide characteristics.

Background: In this work we describe a breath emulator system, used to simulate temporal characteristics of exhaled carbon dioxide (CO) concentration waveform versus time simulating how much CO2 is present at each phase of the human lung respiratory process. The system provides a method for testing capnometers incorporating fast response non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) CO gas sensing devices - in a clinical setting, capnography devices assess ventilation which is the CO movement in and out of the lungs. A mathematical model describing the waveform of the expired CO characteristic and influence of CO gas sensor noise factors and speed of response is presented and compared with measured and emulated data.

Miniaturised Infrared Spectrophotometer for Low Power Consumption Multi-Gas Sensing.

Concept, design and practical implementation of a miniaturized spectrophotometer, utilized as a mid-infrared-based multi gas sensor is described. The sensor covers an infrared absorption wavelength range of 2.9 to 4.

Modeling and validation of uniform large-area optical coating deposition on a rotating drum using microwave plasma reactive sputtering.

Magnetron sputter deposition onto a rotating drum is a method applied to high-throughput large-area optical coating deposition, where film physical thickness uniformity is an important parameter. Techniques have been developed, such as masking/substrate movement, in order to improve sputtered film uniformity. In this study, a model is described and validated for predicting film uniformity.