Proteomic and metabolomic signatures of rectal tumor discriminate patients with different responses to preoperative radiotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (neo-RT) is widely used in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) as a component of radical treatment. Despite the advantages of neo-RT, which typically improves outcomes in LARC patients, the lack of reliable biomarkers that predict response and monitor the efficacy of therapy, can result in the application of unnecessary aggressive therapy affecting patients' quality of life. Hence, the search for molecular biomarkers for assessing the radio responsiveness of this cancer represents a relevant issue.

Microfibril Associated Protein 5 (MFAP5) Is Related to Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients but Not Useful as a Prognostic Biomarker.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed late due to its nonspecific symptoms and lack of reliable tools for early diagnostics and screening. OC studies concentrate on the search for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to validate the gene, and its encoded protein, as a potential prognostic biomarker.

Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in adult patients - Recommendations of Polish Scientific Societies and the National Oncological Strategy. 2022 Update [Diagnostyka i leczenie raka tarczycy u chorych dorosłych - Rekomendacje Polskich Towarzystw Naukowych oraz Narodowej Strategii Onkologicznej. Aktualizacja na rok 2022].

The guidelines Thyroid Cancer 2022 are prepared based on previous Polish recommendations updated in 2018. They consider international guidelines - American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN); however, they are adapted according to the ADAPTE process. The strength of the recommendations and the quality of the scientific evidence are assessed according to the GRADE system and the ATA 2015 and NCCN recommendations.

Molecular Composition of Serum Exosomes Could Discriminate Rectal Cancer Patients with Different Responses to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy.

Identification of biomarkers that could be used for the prediction of the response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy (neo-RT) in locally advanced rectal cancer remains a challenge addressed by different experimental approaches. Exosomes and other classes of extracellular vesicles circulating in patients' blood represent a novel type of liquid biopsy and a source of cancer biomarkers. Here, we used a combined proteomic and metabolomic approach based on mass spectrometry techniques for studying the molecular components of exosomes isolated from the serum of rectal cancer patients with different responses to neo-RT.

Differences in Gene Expression Profile of Primary Tumors in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma-Do They Exist?

Molecular mechanisms of distant metastases (M1) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) are poorly understood. We attempted to analyze the gene expression profile in PTC primary tumors to seek the genes associated with M1 status and characterize their molecular function. One hundred and twenty-three patients, including 36 M1 cases, were subjected to transcriptome oligonucleotide microarray analyses: (set A-U133, set B-HG 1.

Promoter Mutations and Their Impact on Gene Expression Profile in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (p) mutations are related to a worse prognosis in various malignancies, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Since mechanisms responsible for the poorer outcome of TERTp(+) patients are still unknown, searching for molecular consequences of p mutations in PTC was the aim of our study.

Methods: The studied cohort consisted of 54 PTCs, among them 24 cases with distant metastases.

The clinical value of the routine analysis of cardiac implantable electronic devices after the patient's death in a tertiary cardiovascular center.

Introduction: The postmortem interrogation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has not been regularly practiced yet. We presumed that it can provide data not only on the mechanism of the patient's death but also on possible device malfunctions contributing to its occurrence.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the usefulness of the explantation and interrogation of CIEDs after the patient's death in routine clinical practice, when combined with autopsy findings and clinical follow‑up starting from the time after device implantation.

Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on the Gene Expression Profile in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Transcriptome of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is well characterized and correlates with some prognostic and genotypic factors, but data addressing the interaction between PTC and tumor microenvironment (TME) are scarce. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess the impact of TME on gene expression profile in PTC. We evaluated the gene expression profile in PTC and normal thyroid cells isolated by laser capture microdissection and in whole tissue slides corresponding to the entire tumor.

Fibronectin and Periostin as Prognostic Markers in Ovarian Cancer.

Previously, based on a DNA microarray experiment, we identified a 96-gene prognostic signature associated with the shorter survival of ovarian cancer patients. We hypothesized that some differentially expressed protein-coding genes from this signature could potentially serve as prognostic markers. The present study was aimed to validate two proteins, namely fibronectin (FN1) and periostin (POSTN), in the independent set of ovarian cancer samples.

Novel TG-FGFR1 and TRIM33-NTRK1 transcript fusions in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is most common among all thyroid cancers. Multiple genomic alterations occur in PTC, and gene rearrangements are one of them. Here we screened 14 tumors for novel fusion transcripts by RNA-Seq.

Coexistence of Promoter Mutations and the V600E Alteration and Its Impact on Histopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Selected Series of Polish Patients.

promoter (p) mutations are important factors in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). They are associated with tumor aggressiveness, recurrence, and disease-specific mortality and their use in risk stratification of PTC patients has been proposed. In this study we investigated the prevalence of p mutations in a cohort of Polish patients with PTCs and the association of these mutations with histopathological factors, particularly in coexistence with the V600E mutation.

Establishment and Characterization of the Novel High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Line OVPA8.

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most frequent histological type of ovarian cancer and the one with worst prognosis. Unfortunately, the majority of established ovarian cancer cell lines which are used in the research have unclear histological origin and probably do not represent HGSOC. Thus, new and reliable models of HGSOC are needed.

Guidelines of Polish National Societies Diagnostics and Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma. 2018 Update.

Significant advances have been made in thyroid can-cer research in recent years, therefore relevant clinical guidelines need to be updated. The current Polish guidelines "Diagnostics and Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma" have been formulated at the "Thyroid Cancer and Other Malignancies of Endocrine Glands" conference held in Wisła in November 2015 [1].

The importance of the concept and histological criteria of "intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma" of the esophagus: in comparison between Western and Japanese criteria.

Background: There are differences in the histological diagnostic criteria for early stage gastrointestinal carcinoma between Western and Japanese pathologists. Western histological criteria of carcinoma are "presence of stromal invasion of neoplastic cells", while Japanese criteria are "the degree of cytological and structural abnormality of neoplastic cells, regardless of stromal invasion". The aim of the present study is to clarify and review the present status of the Western and Japanese histological criteria of early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and also to clarify their significance and accuracy.

The association of tumor lymphocyte infiltration with clinicopathological factors and survival in breast cancer.

Recent studies have confirmed the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the level of tumor lymphocyte infiltration and well-known clinicopathological factors in breast cancer patients. We also evaluated the influence of TILs on overall survival.

Suspicious for follicular neoplasm or follicular neoplasm? The dilemma of a pathologist and a surgeon.

Introduction: Cytological material obtained from Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) does not permit us to distinguish between follicular carcinomas, adenomas, and hyperplastic nodules. The limitations of the method are: lack of possibility to assess the presence of tumour capsule, eventual capsular invasion, and angioinvasion. An unequivocal conclusion of whether what we have to deal with is a neoplastic or benign lesion is possible only after histopathological examination.

Clinical importance of follicular lesion of undetermined significance (diagnostic category III according to Bethesda System) diagnosed from Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy.

Introduction: Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (FLUS) belongs to the most controversial category of the Bethesda System. The aim of the study was to specify the risk of malignancy in patients with FLUS diagnosis in the material from the Institute of Oncology in Gliwice. This is the first Polish study specifying the risk of malignant neoplasm presence when Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) results in a report of diagnostic category III (DC III).

The Risk of Relapse in Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) in the Context of BRAFV600E Mutation Status and Other Prognostic Factors.

Introduction: The risk of over-treatment in low-advanced PTC stages has prompted clinicians to search for new reliable prognostic factors. The presence of BRAF mutation, the most frequent molecular event in PTC, seems to be a good candidate. However, there is still lack of randomised trials and its significance has been proved by retrospective analyses, involving a large group of patients.

Primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid gland - a case report.

A rare localization of primary osteosarcoma is presented. A woman aged 76 years was operated on for rapid growth of thyroid right lobe tumour. Histopathology showed anaplastic cancer with numerous foci of osseous metaplasia, negative with thyroglobulin, calcitonin, synaptophysin and chromogranin.

Advanced glycation end products and lipofuscin deposits share the same location in cardiocytes of the failing heart.

Background: Disturbed glucose metabolism, particularly in diabetes type 2 (DM2), may result in advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. One of the possible targets for this reaction is lipofuscin (LF), an intracytoplasmic garbage presumed to be a marker of physiologic and preterm aging of cells. The study was performed to seek for a relationship between AGE and LF in cardiocytes of the failing hearts.

Mucin secretion activity of gastric cancer as a prognostic factor: a clinicopathological analysis.

Aim Of The Study: Gastric cancer is characterized by varying secretion of mucus. Mucin producing gastric carcinoma (MUC) is thought to be a histological subtype with a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological differences between MUC and other types of gastric carcinoma without secretion of mucus (NMUC).

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen imitating a pancreatic neoplasm.

Accessory spleens are present in 10% of population and are formed during embryonic development. Besides the splenic hilum, the next most frequent localization of accessory spleens is the pancreatic tail. Intrapancreatic accessory spleens are usually diagnosed occasionally and make diagnostic difficulty because they imitate a pancreatic neoplasm.

Advanced glycation end-products in myocardium-supported vessels: effects of heart failure and diabetes mellitus.

Background: Disturbed glucose metabolism, particularly in diabetes, is an important but not the sole factor leading to advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation. The AGE amount and its distribution in cardiopathic myocardial tissues in the presence or absence of diabetes are not well documented. The aim of this study was to assess AGE deposition in unaffected myocardial vessels in heart failure patients with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) undergoing transplantation.