Twenty-eight-day follow-up of patch test reactions to p-phenylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride: A multicentre study on behalf of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Background: There is an ongoing discussion on whether routinely patch testing with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) 1.0% pet. is safe, owing to the risk of patch test sensitization.

Evaluation of concordance between labelling and content of 52 hair dye products: overview of the market of oxidative hair dye.

Hair dyes contain strong allergens and are widely available. Correct labelling is a necessity in order to provide information about the contents. To compare the labelling and content of hair dyes.

Two sensitizing oxidation products of p-phenylenediamine patch tested in patients allergic to p-phenylenediamine.

Background: The results from a previous study indicated the presence of several possible sensitizers formed during oxidation of the potent sensitizer p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to which PPD-sensitized patients might react, in various patterns.

Objectives: To extract and analyse a yellow spot from a thin-layer chromatogram with oxidized PPD, to which 6 of 14 (43%) PPD-positive patients had reacted in a previous study, in order to identify potential sensitizer(s) and to patch test this/these substance(s) in the 14 PPD-positive patients.

Methods: The yellow spot was extracted from a thin-layer chromatogram of oxidized PPD, and two substances, suspected to be allergens, were identified by analysis with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).

Are gloves sufficiently protective when hairdressers are exposed to permanent hair dyes? An in vivo study.

Background: The use of permanent hair dyes exposes hairdressers to contact allergens such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and the preventive measures are insufficient.

Objectives: To perform an in vivo test to study the protective effect of gloves commonly used by hairdressers.

Patients/materials/methods: Six gloves from Sweden, Italy and Germany were studied: two vinyl, one natural rubber latex, two nitrile, and one polyethylene.

Neutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatitis caused by contact allergic reaction to paraphenylenediamine in hair dye.

Background: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dyes can cause systemic as well as cutaneous allergic reactions such as neutrophilic and eosinophilic dermatitis. The symptoms are often severe. The acute lesion is normally histologically indistinguishable from any eczematous reaction with marked spongiosis.