[Determination of selected biomarkers can be used in monitoring oxidative stress in the course of chronic failure].

The aim of the study was to assess oxidative stress biomarkers considering the simplicity of their determination, invasiveness of material collection and their specificity. The following oxidative stress markers were evaluated: malonyldialdehyde, thiobarbituric acid reactive lipid peroxidation products, prostaglandin F2alpha, nitric oxide derivatives, nucleic acid damage products, advanced oxidation protein products and gas components in exhaled air: nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, isoprene, ethane. Analysis of the selected biomarkers indicates the usefulness of the determination of prostaglandin F2alpha, nucleic acid damage products, advanced oxidation protein products and gas components in the exhaled air as oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with chronic renal failure.

[Mitochondria as an source of reactive oxygen species].

Atmospheric oxygen molecules are reduced to water through four consecutive electron transfer reactions in mitochondria. As a consequence of these processes, various by-products (called reactive oxygen species, ROS), including superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen are released. Under physiological conditions, ROS are rapidly inactivated and do not induce disruption of cell function.